“主观过错”条款在海事行政处罚中的适用  

The Application of"Subjective Fault"Clauses in Maritime Admini strative Punishments

作　　者：郑国梁 Zheng Guoliang(Yantai MSA,Yantai,Shandong 261400,China)

机构地区：[1]烟台海事局,山东烟台261400

出　　处：《中国海事》2023年第12期53-55,共3页China Maritime Safety

摘　　要：新《行政处罚法》将主观过错纳入行政处罚考虑因素,确保行政处罚案件更加公平公正,对推动行政法治建设具有重要意义。但如何理解和适用“主观过错”条款没有统一的标准,海事执法人员在实际执法过程中,如何对当事人的主观状态进行分析判断,是海事行政执法中的难点。以一起船舶燃油硫含量超标案件为例,从过错范围、举证责任、举证标准、适用程序等四个方面讨论“主观过错”条款在海事行政处罚中的适用问题并提出参考性建议。The new Administrative Penalty Law incorporates subjective fault into the consideration of administrative penalties,in order to ensure that administrative penalty cases are fairer and more impartial,which is of great significance for promoting the construction of rule of law in the administrative domain.However,there is no unified standard for understanding and applying the subjective fault clauses.It is a difficult point for the maritime law enforcement officers to analyze and judge the subjective state of the parties in the actual law enforcement.This article takes a case of excessive sulfur content in ship fuel as an example to discuss the application of subjective fault in maritime administrative penalties from four aspects,i.e.fault scope,burden of proof,proof standard,and application procedure,and provides suggestions for reference.

关 键 词：船舶燃油 主观过错 调查取证 适用问题 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.14[政治法律—法学]