2018—2020年黑龙江省27个规模化奶牛场奶牛肢蹄病发病情况调查及影响因素分析  

Investigation on the incidence of limb and foot disease of dairy cows in 27 large-scale dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province from 2018 to 2020 and influencing factor analysis

作　　者：魏成威[1,2] 马天文 阮红日 李亚楠[1] 陈鸿 王路军[1] 张建涛[1,3] 高利 WEI Chengwei;MA Tianwen;RUAN Hongri;LI Ya'nan;CHEN Hong;WANG Lujun;ZHANG Jiantao;GAO Li(College of Veterinary Medicine,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Animal Clinical Teaching Hospital,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150036,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Pathogenic Mechanism and Comparative Medicine,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物医学学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学动物临床教学医院,哈尔滨150036 [3]黑龙江省动物疾病致病机制与比较医学重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2023年第24期65-73,148,149,共11页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2023C025,YQ2023C015);中国博士后科学基金项目(2023TQ0053)。

摘　　要：为了分析黑龙江地区规模化奶牛场奶牛肢蹄病发病率的影响因素,研究于2018—2020年对黑龙江省哈尔滨市、齐齐哈尔市、牡丹江市、佳木斯市、大庆市27个规模化奶牛场29050头奶牛的肢蹄病发病情况进行了流行病学调查,统计不同地区、不同规模、不同季节、不同卫生状况、使用不同牛床垫料、采用不同修蹄方式、不同蹄浴频次奶牛场奶牛及不同胎次、不同体况、不同年均泌乳量、不同泌乳时期奶牛的肢蹄病发病率。结果表明:黑龙江省27个规模化奶牛场肢蹄病的总发病率为28.6%;2019年发病率最高,为39.9%;2020年发病率最低,为21.4%。不同类型肢蹄病的发病率不同,其中蹄皮炎的发病率最高,为16.4%;然后依次为变形蹄、蹄底溃疡+蹄尖溃疡,发病率分别为4.2%和3.5%。牡丹江市和佳木斯市奶牛场奶牛肢蹄病发病率较高,分别为33.3%和33.1%;齐齐哈尔市和大庆市奶牛场奶牛发病率较低,分别为25.0%和24.7%。除大规模奶牛场蹄叶炎发病率较高外,其他类型肢蹄病发病率均随奶牛场规模的增大呈下降的趋势。黑龙江地区奶牛肢蹄病一年四季均有发生,冬季和夏季发病率较高,分别为8.7%和7.5%;春季和秋季发病率较低,分别为6.2%和5.9%;冬季发病率显著高于秋季(P<0.05)。奶牛场卫生状况越好,肢蹄病发病率越低。使用牛粪+稻壳的奶牛场肢蹄病发病率最高,为28.8%;然后为使用稻壳的奶牛场,发病率为27.9%;使用沙子的奶牛场发病率最低,为26.1%;但使用不同牛床垫料的奶牛场发病率差异不显著(P>0.05)。修蹄方式“2次/年+日常”的奶牛场肢蹄病发病率(25.8%)显著低于修蹄方式“2次/年”的奶牛场(31.9%,P<0.05)。奶牛肢蹄病发病率随奶牛场蹄浴频次的增加呈下降的趋势,蹄浴频次为1次/周、2次/周、3次/周的奶牛场肢蹄病发病率分别为35.9%、28.3%、24.0%。奶牛肢蹄病发病率随胎次的增加呈上升的趋势,1,In order to analyze the influencing factors of the incidence of limb and foot disease of dary cows in large-scale dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province,in the study,the incidence of limb and foot diseases in 29050 cows in 27 large-scale dairy farms in Harbin City Qiqihar City,Mudanjiang City,Jiamusi City and Daqing City in Heilongjiang Province from 2018 to 2020 was investigated.The statistics of the incidence of limb and foot diseases of dairy cows was carried out in dairy farms of different regions,involing in the study of the elements of dairy farms of different scales,different seasons,different health conditions,using different cow mattress materials,different hoof repair methods,different hoof bathing frequency and in dairy cows of different parity times,different body conditions,different annual average milk production volume,and different lactation periods.The results showed that the total incidence of limb and foot disease in 27 large-scale dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province was 28.6%.The incidence of limb and foot disease of dairy cows in 2019 was the highst(39.9%).The incidence of limb and foot diseases of dairy cows in 2020 was the lowest(21.4%).The incidence of different types of limb and foot disease was different,among which the incidence of hoof dermatitis was the highest,16.4%;followed by deformed hoof,hoof base ulcer+hoof tip ulcer,with incidence rates of 4.2%and 3.5%,respectively.The incidence of limb and foot disease was higher in Mudanjiang City and Jiamusi City,with 33.3%and 33.1%,respectively.The incidence of limb and foot diseases was lower in Qiqihar City and Daqing City,with 25.0%and 24.7%,respectively.Except for the high incidence of laminitis in large-scale dairy farms,the incidence of other types of limb and foot diseases showed a decreasing trend with the increase of dairy farm size.Limb and foot disease occurred in dairy cows in Heilongjiang Province all year round,and the incidence of limb and foot disease in dairy cows in winter and summer was relatively high,8.7%and 7.5%,respect

关 键 词：黑龙江省 奶牛 肢蹄病 跛行 蹄皮炎 

分 类 号：S857.16[农业科学—临床兽医学]