饬令购阅:晚清官员对维新报刊的推广  

Ordering to Purchase and Read:Promotion of the Reformist Presses by Officials in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：张德民 Zhang Demin(School of Journalism,Chongqing University)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学新闻学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《新闻界》2023年第11期77-87,共11页Journalism and Mass Communication

摘　　要：晚清官员饬令购阅维新报刊是近代中国报刊史上出现的特殊景象。甲午之后,张之洞饬令湖北官销《时务报》。随后,多省官员效仿札饬购阅维新报刊,推广范围遍及全国乃至日本,官僚士绅和书院学子是重点购发对象。晚清官员之所以集体推广维新报刊,离不开光绪帝对译办报刊的允准、维新报人靠人脉关系的游说、朝廷新学取士的转向与出于裨益政学的需要等原因驱动。在晚清官员的推广下,维新报刊不仅从民间通行官衙,利于“官智”开启,还在书院学子间广泛传阅,裨助新式人才培育,其言论生存空间和报人活动空间也得以拓展。饬令购阅甚至一度成为晚清政府推广报刊的体制化手段。晚清官员和维新报刊的复杂互动,折射出国人办报背后的政治动力,亦是理解报刊助推维新运动的重要环节。It was a special scene in the history of the modern Chinese press that officials in the late Qing Dynasty ordered to purchase and read the reformist presses.After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-i895,Zhang Zhidong ordered Hubei officials to sell"The Chinese Progress".Later,many provincial officials ordered to follow his example in purchasing and reading the reformist presses,which were distributed throughout the country and even Japan,with the focus on bureaucrats and gentry and college students.Some reasons why the officials of the late Qing Dynasty collectively promoted the reformist presses were that Emperor Guangxu's permission for the translation of the press,the lobbying of the reformist journalists by their personal connections,the shift of the imperial court's new learning and the need to benefit politics and academia.Under the promotion of officials in the late Qing Dynasty,the reformist presses not only passed through official offices from the public,which was conducive to the development of"official intelligence",but also widely circulated among students in academies,helping to cultivate new talents,and expanding the space for the survival of the reformist presses'speech and the activity space for journalists.Ordering to purchase and read even became the institutionalized means for the late Qing government to promote press.The complex interaction between the officials of the late Qing Dynasty and the reformist presses reflected the political impetus behind Chinese people running press,and was also an important link in understanding the press'contribution to the reform movement.

关 键 词：饬令购阅 晚清官员 维新报刊 推广 

分 类 号：G210[文化科学—新闻学]