利用LiDAR揭示采煤沉陷区人工修复植物群落冠层结构分异  

Using LiDAR to reveal the canopy structure differentiation of artificially restored plant communities in coal mining subsidence area

作　　者：郭洋楠 唐佳佳 杨永均[2] 李志伟 雷少刚[2] GUO Yangnan;TANG Jiajia;YANG Yongjun;LI Zhiwei;LEI Shaogang(Technology Research Institute,Guoneng Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Shenmu 719315,China;Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Mine Ecological Restoration,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司技术研究院,陕西神木719315 [2]中国矿业大学矿山生态修复教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《矿业安全与环保》2023年第6期37-41,47,共6页Mining Safety & Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52394193);神华神东煤炭集团科研专项资金项目(201991548012);内蒙古自治区重大科技计划专项项目(2020GG0008)。

摘　　要：以陕西大柳塔煤矿国家水土保持科技示范园内采煤沉陷区为试验区域,利用无人机获取激光雷达数据,估测植物群落冠层结构参数,并揭示不同植物配置模式下冠层结构的差异。结果表明:利用LiDAR数据能够准确可靠地估算植物群落冠层高度、冠盖度、叶面积指数、叶高多样性4个冠层结构参数;研究区水平方向上的冠盖度与垂直方向上的冠层高度、叶高多样性之间存在显著的正相关关系,水平方向上的叶面积指数受垂直结构影响较小;植物配置模式对群落冠层结构具有显著影响。生态修复后乔木群落的垂直层次结构较好,而灌木群落在水平结构上表现较好。研究表明基于无人机的激光雷达遥感方法可以有效揭示采煤沉陷区生态修复植物群落冠层结构的异质性,为矿山生态监测与评价提供基础数据和科学依据。Taking the coal mining subsidence area in the National Soil and Water Conservation Science and Technology Demonstration Park of Daliuta Coal Mine in Shaanxi Province as the test area,the light detection and ranging(LiDAR)data obtained by drone were used to estimate canopy structure parameters of plant communities and reveal the differences of canopy structure under different plant configuration patterns.The results show that:using LiDAR data can accurately and reliably estimate four canopy structure parameters of plant communities,including canopy height,canopy cover,leaf area index,and leaf height diversity;there is a significant positive correlation between canopy cover in the horizontal direction,canopy height and leaf height diversity in the vertical direction,and the leaf area index in the horizontal direction is less affected by the vertical structure;the plant configuration pattern has a significant impact on community canopy structure.After ecological restoration,the vertical hierarchical structure of the arbor community is better,while the horizontal structure of the shrub community is better.The research shows that the LiDAR remote sensing method based on drone can effectively reveal the heterogeneity of canopy structure of ecological restoration plant communities in coal mining subsidence area,and provide basic data and scientific basis for the monitoring and evaluation of mine ecology.

关 键 词：生态修复 遥感 冠层结构 无人机 开采沉陷 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]