破碎矿体条件下扇形孔爆破块度优化措施研究与实践  

Research and Practice on Optimization Measures of Ore Block Sizes in Fan-Shaped Blasting Under the Condition of Broken Ore Body

作　　者：何建元 马国虎 梁博 钟立鹏 王惠芬 谭宝会[2] HE Jianyuan;MA Guohu;LIANG Bo;ZHONG Lipeng;WANG Huifen;TAN Baohui(Longshou Mine,Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang,Gansu 737100,China;School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621010,China)

机构地区：[1]金川集团有限公司龙首矿,甘肃金昌市737100 [2]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳市621010

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2023年第12期24-28,共5页Mining Research and Development

摘　　要：龙首矿西二采区在破碎矿岩条件下采用无底柱分段崩落法采矿过程中,扇形炮孔爆破后矿石块度不均匀,崩落矿石中粉矿占比达到50%~60%,大量粉矿的产生使矿石流动性变差,导致采场出现矿石贫化率高、回采率低等问题。现场调查结合理论分析发现,炮孔密集系数大、炸药单耗偏高以及矿岩破碎等是造成西二采区扇形炮孔爆破后出现大量粉矿的主要原因。针对已完成中深孔凿岩的炮排提出了减少炮孔线装药密度以及在中深孔孔内实现间隔装药的方案,从而在确保装药均匀的情况下减少炸药单耗,而对于未进行凿岩的进路则提出保持炮孔数目不变、减小炮孔直径的措施来降低炸药单耗。现场工业试验结果表明,中深孔孔内间隔装药方案可以有效改善破碎矿体扇形中深孔爆破后粉矿过多的问题,使得粉矿占比减少了75%左右,矿石流动性显著改善,步距矿石回采率提高至86.5%。In the mining process of non-pillar sublevel caving method under the condition of broken ore rock in the west second mining area of Longshou Mine,the ore block size is not uniform after fan-shaped hole blasting,and the proportion of powder ore in the caving ore reaches 50%-60%.The production of a large number of powder ore makes the ore flowability worse,resulting in high ore dilution rate and low recovery rate in the stope.Based on the field investigation and theoretical analysis,it is found that the factors such as large hole density coefficient,high explosive unit consumption and ore rock fragmentation are the main reasons for the large amount of powder ore after the fan-shaped hole blasting in this mining area.Therefore,following measures were proposed.For the blasting row that had completed the medium-deep hole drlling,reducing the linear charge density of the blasting holes and realizing the interval charging in the medium-deep hole were suggested.For the undrilled roadway,the measures of keeping the number of blasting holes unchanged and reducing the diameter of the blasting holes were applied to reduce the explosives unit consumption.The on-site industrial test results show that the interval charging scheme in the medium-deep hole can effectively improve the problem of excessive powder ore after the fan-shaped medium-deep hole blasting for the broken ore body.The proportion of powder ore is reduced by about 75%,the ore flowability is significantly improved,and the step spacing ore recovery rate is increased to 86.5%.

关 键 词：无底柱分段崩落法 扇形炮孔 线装药密度 爆破块度 间隔装药 

分 类 号：TD853.362[矿业工程—金属矿开采]