满汉对音材料分析中的三个问题  

Three Concerns on Transcription between Manchu and Chinese

作　　者：赵昕[1] ZHAO Xin

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言学研究中心/北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2023年第4期41-57,共17页Essays on Linguistics

摘　　要：本文关注满汉对音材料分析中的三个问题。一是由对音策略和官方的规范所造成的失真,基于此,本文分析了早期对音材料中满语j、c、s记录精见组细音的现象,认为其并不能说明尖团已经合流,而是暗示见组细音先于精组细音腭化;二是对音材料的运用要区分对音方向,利用不同方向对应关系之间的差别可以分析出更多语音史信息,本文以与满文元音字母o相关的对音材料进行例示;三是在分析以汉记满的对音材料时要注意蒙古语等因素的影响,蒙古语对满汉对音材料的影响存在“来源”和“干扰”两种情况。This paper takes three topics into concern.Firstly,the distortion caused by the strategies from the authors or stipulations from the authority.Following this idea,the instances of transcription betweenj,c,s in Manchu and Chinese Characters with velars or alveolar sblasf/fricates can be used to prove that the merging between the two kinds of consonants had not happened,and the velars got palatalized first.Secondly,we should pay attention to the direction when analyzing transcriptions.An instance involving Manchu letter‘o'is showed.Thirdly,the Mongolian language may affect the transcription from Manchu to Chinese,which were distinguished as‘Mongolian factors as source'and‘Mongolian factors as interference'.

关 键 词：满汉对音 尖团合流 对音机制 单向性 蒙古语 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]