鄂伦春语陈述和疑问语调的音高实现及其区别  

Pitch Realization and Distinction of Declarative and Interrogative Intonations in Oroqen

作　　者：丛珊 秦鹏 CONG Shan;QIN Peng

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系,广州510275 [2]天津师范大学语言心理与认知科学研究院,天津300074

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2023年第4期81-92,共12页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“类型学视野下的濒危鄂伦春语形态句法研究(20CYY044)”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文利用语音声学实验方法考察鄂伦春语陈述句和无标记疑问句的语调音高表现及其区别。结果表明,从音阶高度上,鄂伦春语疑问句语调整体高于陈述句,该差别从句首即开始触发;从音高曲拱上,疑问句和陈述句在句末音高走势.上有显著差别,音高曲拱的不同走势从句中阶段即开始触发;从音域分布上,陈述句和疑问句都呈现出“勺”状的词音域分布模式,但从全句层面看,陈述句的音域跨度整体比疑问句大。通过与蒙古语、维吾尔语等相关研究对比发现,句末音高的不同表现是两种语气调区分的必有手段,且都以音高曲拱差别作为最稳定的音高指标。如果存在句末前的疑问信息编码,几种语言都倾向于以音阶抬升的方式来实现。In this paper,we use acoustic experiments to examine the pitch realizations and differences between the declarative and unmarked interrogative sentences in Oroqen.The results suggest that interrogative sentences differ from their declarative counterparts in three dimensions.First,the interrogative intonation has an overall higher pitch register,which starts from the very beginning of the sentence;second,a significant distinction can be observed in their pitch contours at the sentence boundary,though the pitch contours have showed different trajectories from the middle of the sentence;third,while both declarative and interrogative pitch ranges at word level exhibit a"spoon"shape,at sentence level,the overall pitch range of the declarative intonation is wider than the interrogative.The comparison between Oroqen,Mongolian,Uygur and other languages shows that,when distinguishing the two moods,sentence-final pitch contours are indispensable strategies,as well as the most stable cues.All the languages examined achieve encoding of interrogative information using higher pitch registers.

关 键 词：鄂伦春语 陈述 疑问 音高 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]