重庆方言的动量述结式“VR(一)下儿子”结构——兼与VVR叠动述结式比较  

On Verbal Measuring Resultative Constructions in Chongqing Dialect:WithaComparisonofVVR

作　　者：孙天琦[1] 胡波 SUN Tianqi;HU Bo

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院,北京100872

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2023年第4期93-103,共11页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金青年项目“汉语方言述补结构的特色句法实现模式及规律研究”(22YJA740026)的成果之一。

摘　　要：本文观察到重庆话中的动量表达“(一)下儿子”可以与结果补语共现,形成非常有特色的“动量述结式”结构,如“掏深下儿”“想清楚下子”“挑满一下”等,看似对汉语句法结构的“动后限制”提出挑战。文章详细分析了此类结构在句法、语义及语用上的特点。“动量述结式”表达要求或计划实现某种预期结果,只能叙述未然事件,用于“祈愿”句类;“一下”在此类结构中逐渐发展出表达情感、语气作用的“准祈愿标记”用法,此类结构并非“动后限制”的反例;“动量述结式”只能选择“自主性”的动结式,对于其中的动词和补语也都有独特的选择限制条件。同时,重庆方言中的“动量述结式”与吴语及部分官话中的VVR“叠动述结式”在句法、语义及语用等诸多方面都表现出相同特点,“动量述结式”与“叠动述结式”的关系值得进一步深入研究。It is observed that verbal classifiers“(一)下儿子”can co-occur with the resultative constructions in Chongqing dialect,forming a special"verbal measuring resultative construction"(henceforthVMRC),such as“掏深下儿”“想清楚下子”and“挑满一下”,etc.It seems that VMRC challenges the"Postverbal Constrain"in Mandarin.This paper thoroughly analyses the syntactic,semantic and pragmatic properties of VMRC.Firstly,VMRC is used only for events that have not happened,and it is frequently used inimperatives to express the requirement or intention of achieving some expected results.Secondly,“一下”in VMRC have gradually developed a new function to mark quasi-imperativ/intention mood,so VMRC is not a true counterexample to the"Post-verbal Constrain".Thirdly,VMRC requircs thc rcaultative construction to bo VOLITIONAL,and it alao ha3 spccific rcstrictions on V and R.Finally,there is evidence suggesting that the"VR一"下in Chongqing dialect and the“VVR”in Wu dialects share common characteristics in syntactic and semantic terms.The relationship between“VR一下”and"VVR"deserves further research.

关 键 词：重庆方言 动量述结式 叠动述结式 准祈愿标记 

分 类 号：H14[语言文字—汉语]