动名定中复合词词义衍生研究——基于生成词库理论与隐喻、转喻理论  

A Study on Semantic Extension of Modifier-head VN Compounds:Based on Generative Lexicon Theory and Metaphor/Metonymy Theory

作　　者：张舒 ZHANG Shu

机构地区：[1]燕山大学文法学院,秦皇岛066004

出　　处：《语言学论丛》2023年第4期140-154,共15页Essays on Linguistics

基　　金：河北省社会科学青年基金项目“生成词库视角下VN定中复合词语义构词法研究”(HB22YY021);教育部中外语言合作交流中心国际中文教育研究课题“面向国际中文教育的多义复合词研究”(22H65D);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“以学习者为中心的国际中文教育理论和应用实践研究”(2JJD7004);燕山大学校级科研项目“认知视野下现代汉语多义复合词研究”(2023PY007)支;北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(20PT01)支持。

摘　　要：本文基于生成词库理论和隐喻、转喻理论对动名定中复合词词义衍生现象进行了探究。动名定中复合词的词义行生类型包括词义扩大、词义缩小、词义转移(场间转移、场内转移)、转类等四大类5小类。词义扩大、词义缩小、场内转移主要是基于概念之间的邻近性转喻而来,但这几类还受语义结构的制约,衍生前后两个意义的物性角色相似,所以隐喻也发挥了重要作用;大部分场间转移是基于相似的物性角色隐喻而来,转类和少部分场间转移是基于概念之间的邻近性转喻而来。动名定中复合词的语义结构与语义类型作为词义衍生的基础,制约着词义衍生,但是不同的词义衍生类型中,二者的制约作用却不相同。语义结构、语义类型的制约只是词义衍生的必要条件,而非充要条件,动名定中复合词词义衍生还受词长、社会文化、规约化程度等因素制约。This paper explores the phenomenon of semantic extension of modifier-head VN compounds based on generative lexicon theory and metaphor/metonymy theory.The semantic extension of modifier-head VN compounds was classified into four types,namely,semantic expansion,semantic narrowing,semantic shift(inter-field shift,intra-field shift),and conversion.Although semantic expansion,semantic narrowing,and intra-field shift are resulted from metonymy operations,these types of semantic extension are also restricted by the semantic structure.The qualia roles of the two meanings are similar,therefore metaphor also plays an important role in it.Most of the inter-field shifts are resulted from the metaphor of a similar qualia role,while conversion and some of the inter-field shifts are stemmed from the metonymy of contiguity between concepts.The semantic extension is restricted by the semantic structure and semantic type of modifer-head VN compounds,which form the basis of semantic extension.However,the restriction effect varies with the semantic extension types.The constraints of semantic structures and semantic types are only necessary conditions,not sufficient and necessary conditions.The semantic extension of modifier-head VN compounds is also restricted by various factors such as word length,social culture,and the.degree ofconventionalization.

关 键 词：动名定中复合词 词义衍生 物性角色 隐喻转喻 

分 类 号：H31[语言文字—英语]