金钱白花蛇的考证  

Textual research on Bungarus Parvus

作　　者：吴婷芬 邓静 王溪 刘红琼 滕云霞 马志国[1] 吴孟华[1] 黄炜忠 曹晖[1] 张英[1] WU Ting-fen;DENG Jing;WANG Xi;LIU Hong-qiong;TENG Yun-xia;MA Zhi-guo;WU Meng-hua;HUANG Wei-zhong;CAO Hui;ZHANG Ying(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Lingnan(Southern China),Lingnan Resources Branch,College of Pharmacy,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China;Guangdong Luofushan Sinopharm Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 516133,China)

机构地区：[1]暨南大学药学院,暨南大学岭南传统中药研究中心,国家中药现代化工程技术研究中心岭南资源分中心,广东省中医药信息化重点实验室,广东广州510632 [2]广东罗浮山国药股份有限公司,广东惠州516133

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第22期6234-6248,共15页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B1111110005);全国名老中医药专家传承工作室建设项目(国中医药人教函[2022]75号)。

摘　　要：金钱白花蛇是中医临床应用的贵细动物类药材,现代文献一般认为其始载于民国时期(1936年)出版的广东地方炮制专书《饮片新参》。该文通过查阅历代典籍、地方志,并结合历版《中国药典》、各地炮制规范及现代科学研究报道,对金钱白花蛇的名称、地理分布、形态特征、生态习性、毒性及药用部位等进行系统的考证,结果表明光绪二十年(1894年)已有金钱白花蛇的药用记载,民国十九年(1930年)更将其用于安脑丸组方中。其基原动物银环蛇在明代正德年间(1521年)始有记载,多称为簸箕甲。其形态特征、生态习性、毒性古今记载一致,地理分布与现代动物志等文献记载基本相似。应用幼蛇干燥体作为药用部位,并无本草及现代科学明确依据。事实上,关于幼蛇与成蛇的药效物质基础、药理药效及临床应用是否存在显著差异,尚无定论,有待进一步深入研究。该考证结果厘清了金钱白花蛇的药用历史及现状,由此建议开展银环蛇幼蛇及成蛇的系统比较研究,为金钱白花蛇药用部位的修订提供科学依据。Bungarus Parvus,a precious animal Chinese medicinal material used in clinical practice,is believed to be first recorded in Ying Pian Xin Can published in 1936.This study was carried out to analyze the names,geographical distribution,morphological characteristics,ecological habits,poisonousness,and medicinal parts by consulting ancient Chinese medical books and local chronicles,Chinese Pharmacopeia,different processing standards of trditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction pieces,and modern literatures.The results showed that the earliest medicinal record of Bungarus Parvus was traced to 1894.In 1930,this medicinal material was used in the formulation of Annao Pills.The original animal,Bungarus multicinctus,was recorded by the name of "Bojijia" in 1521.The morphological characteristics,ecological habits,and poisonousness of the original animal are the same in ancient and modern records.The geographical distribution is similar between the ancient records and modern documents such as China Medicinal Animal Fauna.The dried body of young B.multicinctus is used as Bungarus Parvus,which lack detailed references.As a matter of fact,it is still inconclusive whether there are differences between young snakes and adult snakes in terms of active ingredients,pharmacological effects,and clinical applications.This study clarified the medicinal history and present situation of Bungarus Parvus.On the basis of the results,it is suggested that systematic comparison on young and adult B.multicinctus should be carried out to provide references for revising the medicinal parts of B.multicinctus.

关 键 词：金钱白花蛇 银环蛇 本草考证 

分 类 号：R282.74[医药卫生—中药学]