铸铁风机叶轮表面激光定向能量沉积铜合金CuSn15性能与工艺研究  

Investigation on Properties and Techniques of Laser Directed Energy Deposition Copper Alloy CuSn15 Upon Ironed Blast Blower Impeller

作　　者：石浩 高爱珍 刘士华 孙杰[1,2] Shi Hao;Gao Aizhen;Liu Shihua;Sun Jie(Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of MOE,School of Mechanical Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,Shandong,China;Research Centre for Aeronautical Component Manufacturing Technology and Equipment,Shandong University,Jinan 250061,Shandong,China;Shandong Zhangqiu Blower Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250200,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学机械工程学院,高效洁净机械制造教育部重点实验室,山东济南250061 [2]山东大学航空构件制造技术与装备研究中心,山东济南250061 [3]山东省章丘鼓风机股份有限公司,山东济南250200

出　　处：《应用激光》2023年第11期17-25,共9页Applied Laser

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52175419);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2020ME159)。

摘　　要：防爆鼓风机叶轮为实现防爆功能,多采用铜合金整体铸造,制造资源消耗大,生产成本昂贵,通过在铸铁叶轮表面激光定向能量沉积的方法熔覆防爆铜合金能够有效降低资源消耗,节约成本。然而,铸铁与铜合金物理性能差异巨大,且铜合金的激光吸收率极低,在铸铁表面沉积铜合金极易产生氧化、裂纹、难以融合等缺陷。为实现在铸铁表面进行高质量铜合金激光定向能量沉积成形,首先研究预热缓冷工艺等温度梯度控制策略对激光定向能量沉积质量的影响,进而通过观察微观组织形貌以及测量结合界面处的显微硬度,分析NiCrBSi和Inconel 718两种镍基合金过渡层对沉积效果的影响,并完成复杂叶轮表面激光熔覆工艺路径规划。最终,通过采用预热缓冷工艺并选择合适的过渡层,成功实现在铸铁叶轮表面进行CuSn15的激光定向能量沉积,所得沉积层无裂纹、孔洞等缺陷。In order to achieve the explosion-proof function,most of the blast blower impellers use casting copper alloy as a whole component.This method consumes lots of manufacturing resources and is also expensive.The cladding of copper alloys on the surface of casting ironed impellers by L-DED(Laser Directed Energy Deposition)can effectively reduce resource con-sumption and save costs.However,the huge difference in physical properties between cast iron and copper alloys,coupled with the extremely low laser absorption of copper alloys lead to defects such as oxidation,cracking and difficulty in L-DED process.To achieve high-quality L-DED copper alloys on casting iron surfaces,the effect of temperature gradient control strategies such as preheating and slow cooling processes on the quality of L-DED were investigated.Additionally,we evalua-ted the effect of transition layers of NiCrBSi and Inconel 718 on deposition quality,by analyzing microstructure morphology and measuring the microhardness at the bonding interface.The study also covers the completion of L-DED process path plan-ning for complex impeller surfaces.Ultimately,employing a preheating and slow cooling process and selecting suitable transi-tion layers enabled successful achievement of L-DED CuSn15 alloy on the surface of a cast iron impeller,devoid of cracks.

关 键 词：激光定向能量沉积 鼓风机叶轮 铸铁 CuSn15合金 工艺 

分 类 号：TG174.4[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]