Q235钢表面激光熔覆316L不锈钢工艺研究  

Research on the Laser Cladding Process of 316L Stainless Steel on the Surface of Q235 Steel WU Xuewen

作　　者：武学文 WU Xuewen(The 1st Engineering Co.,Ltd.of China Railway Urban Construction Group,Taiyuan Shanxi 030024,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁城建集团第一工程有限公司,山西太原030024

出　　处：《铁道建筑技术》2023年第12期36-40,共5页Railway Construction Technology

基　　金：中铁城建集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(ZTCJZ2022⁃08)。

摘　　要：沿海地区周围环境氯离子含量高,会造成建筑钢结构出现不同形式的腐蚀破坏现象。不锈钢具有良好的耐腐蚀能力,可以明显提高建筑钢结构使用寿命和安全性;但不锈钢结构成本高,在整体钢结构中应用会造成建筑造价显著升高。本文针对沿海建筑钢结构防腐蚀问题,选取常用的Q235碳素钢作为基材,采用先进的填丝激光熔覆技术,在Q235碳素钢表面熔覆316L不锈钢,对其熔覆工艺和组织性能进行研究。结果表明:316L不锈钢丝材熔化增材制造的优化工艺参数为:离焦量为+10 mm左右,光斑直径为1 mm,激光功率为1400 W左右,扫描速度为0.6 m/min左右,送丝速度为0.6 m/min左右。激光熔覆组织具有定向生长特性的柱状晶,其生长方向与温度梯度相关。激光熔覆层显微硬度最高906 HV、最低732.9 HV,平均796.19 HV;母材平均硬度为242.25 HV,熔覆层硬度值为母材的3.2倍。The high chloride ion content in the surrounding environment of coastal areas will cause different forms of corrosion damage to the steel structure of the building.Stainless steel has good corrosion resistance,which can significantly improve the service life and safety of building steel structures;however,the cost of stainless steel structure is high,and the application in the overall steel structure will cause a significant increase in construction cost.In this paper,in view of the anti⁃corrosion problem of coastal building steel structure,Q235 carbon steel is selected as the base material,and 316L stainless steel is coated on the surface of Q235 carbon steel with advanced wire filling laser cladding technology.The cladding process and structural properties of Q235 carbon steel are studied.The results show that the optimized process parameters of 316L stainless steel wire melting additive manufacturing are as follows:the defocus is about+10 mm,the spot diameter is 1mm,the laser power is about 1400 W,the scanning speed is about 0.6 m/min,and the wire feeding speed is about 0.6 m/min.The laser cladding structure has the characteristics of directional growth of columnar crystals,and its growth direction is related to the temperature gradient.The microhardness of the laser cladding layer is the highest 906 HV,the lowest 732.9 HV,and the average 796.19 HV.The average hardness of the base material is 242.25 HV,and the hardness value of the cladding layer is 3.2 times that of the base material.

关 键 词：钢结构 Q235碳素钢 316L不锈钢 激光熔覆 组织性能 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]