油田化学清防蜡技术研究综述  

Review of Chemical Technologies for the Removal and Inhibition of Paraffin Deposition in Oilfields

作　　者：李瑞达 LI Ruida(Daqing Oilfield Design Institute Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]大庆油田设计院有限公司

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2023年第12期8-14,共7页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

摘　　要：影响原油结蜡的因素主要包括原油构成(蜡含量、原油组分、胶质和沥青含量)、环境条件(温度、压力、流速)、原油中杂质情况(机械杂质、水)等。针对结蜡问题,目前采用的蜡沉积控制方法可分物理、化学、生物三种,其中化学方法因具有操作便捷、经济适用、可有效适用于各种生产需求等多项优势,被广泛应用。化学蜡沉积控制可以分为清蜡和防蜡两个方面。化学清蜡技术是利用清蜡剂将蜡沉积物溶解,使其从设备表面剥离,再通过油流冲刷带走,主要研发方向是根据生产需要组合不同功能组分,开发具有良好应用性能的复合乳液型清蜡剂。化学防蜡技术是通过防蜡剂破坏蜡晶结构、干扰蜡晶聚集、改变蜡晶及结蜡表面的性质从而预防结蜡的发生,主要研发方向是根据结蜡性质合成适用性好的高分子聚合物防蜡剂,并与表面活性剂、稠环芳烃、碱剂等功能组分协同应用。此外,研发并应用能够实现“防清结合、一剂多效”的清防蜡剂,可大幅延长清蜡周期、降低清蜡难度,实现节约开发成本、保障油田生产稳定的根本目标。Factors affecting crude oil paraffin deposition mainly include crude oil composition(paraffin content,crude oil components,gum,and asphalt content),environmental conditions(temperature,pressure,flow rate),impurities in crude oil(mechanical impurities,water),etc.The current paraffin deposition control methods can be divided into physical,chemical,and biological methods.Among them,chemical methods are widely used in major oilfields because of their advantages of convenient operation,economy,and applicability,and being effectively applicable to various production requirements.Chemical paraffin deposition control can be divided into two aspects:paraffin removal and paraffin inhibition.Chemical paraffin removal technology is to use paraffin removal agents to dissolve paraffin deposits,peel them off from the surface of equipment,and then take them away by oil flow flushing.The main research and development direction is to combine different functional components according to production needs,and develop composite emulsion paraffin removal agent with good application performances.Chemical paraffin inhibition technology is to prevent paraffin deposition by destroying paraffin crystal structure,interfering with paraffin crystal aggregation,and changing the properties of paraffin crystal and paraffin deposition surface.The main research and development direction is to synthesize high-molecular weight polymer paraffin control agents with good applicability according to paraffin deposition properties,and apply it together with functional components such as surfactant,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and alkali agents.In addition,the development and application of paraffin remover and paraffin inhibitor that can realize"combination of inhibition and removal,multiple effects in one dose"can greatly prolong the paraffin removal period,reduce the difficulty of paraffin removal,and achieve the fundamental goal of saving development costs and ensuring the stability of oilfield production.

关 键 词：结蜡 蜡沉积 清蜡剂 防蜡剂 

分 类 号：TE358.2[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]