超疏水涂层的制备及在寒区混凝土中的应用研究综述  

A Review on the Preparation and Application of Superhydrophobic Coatings to Concrete in Cold Regions

作　　者：张飞凡 裴万胜 张熙胤[1] 王冲 ZHANG Feifan;PEI Wansheng;ZHANG Xiyin;WANG Chong(School of Civil Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering,Northwest Institute of Ecological Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学土木工程学院,兰州730070 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室,兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京101408

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第S02期188-199,共12页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071098);甘肃省杰出青年基金项目(20JR10RA036);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6FA004)。

摘　　要：混凝土在寒区工程中得到了广泛应用,然而,受冻融、离子腐蚀、冰冻等因素影响,寒区混凝土病害严重,直接影响工程长期服役性能。近年来随着仿生学的发展,人们模拟自然界超润湿性生物表面制备出人工超疏水表面,通过多种方式制备的超疏水涂层也趋向于多功能化。采用超疏水涂层对寒区混凝土构筑物防护,涂层表面的低表面能与微纳米复合结构使其具有斥水特性,赋予混凝土疏水防冰性能,从而显著提升混凝土构筑物抗冰冻害、耐盐腐、抗干湿循环的能力。本文主要综述寒区混凝土的病害、润湿性理论模型、超疏水涂层的制备、应用于混凝土/寒区混凝土时的性能研究、超疏水涂层的分子动力模拟研究,从理论模型、性能实验、分子动力模拟多角度总结现有研究进展。最后展望超疏水涂层应用于寒区混凝土时应充分发挥其多功能防护特点,依据不同工程病害制备相应的防护涂层。Concrete has been widely used in cold region engineering.However,it can be affected by the freeze⁃thaw cycle,ionic corrosion,and other factors.Thus,concrete deterioration is serious in cold regions,which directly influences the long⁃term service performance of engineering.Recently,with the development of bionics,artificial superhydrophobic surfaces have been prepared by simulating natural super⁃wetting biological surfaces.Meanwhile,the superhydrophobic coatings prepared in various ways also tend to be multifunctional.The coating surface is superhydrophobic due to its low surface energy and micro⁃nano composite structure.When the superhydrophobic coating is reasonably used for the cold regions concrete structures,it can efficiently protect the structures.The superhydrophobic surface can generate hydrophobicity and ice resistance for the concrete,and significantly enhance the ability to resist freeze⁃thaw deterioration,salt corrosion,and wet⁃dry action.This paper mainly reviews the deterioration mechanism of concrete in cold regions engineering,the theoretical model of wettability,preparation of superhydrophobic coatings and their performance study when applied to cold regions concrete,and molecular dynamics simulation study of superhydrophobic coatings.Meanwhile,the paper also summarizes the existing research progress from multiple perspectives of theoretical models,performance experiments,and molecular dynamics simulation.Finally,the paper gives the futurology study forecast for the superhydrophobic coating applied to concrete in cold regions combining the multifunctional requirements and preparation.

关 键 词：润湿模型 寒区混凝土 超疏水涂层制备 多功能防护涂层 

分 类 号：TU528[建筑科学—建筑技术科学] TB306[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]