液态金属脆化机理研究现状  

Research Status of Embrittlement Mechanism of Liquid Metal

作　　者：张代鑫 冯海云[1] 胡宏伟[1] 郑监 宋浦[1] 毛致远 ZHANG Daixin;FENG Haiyun;HU Hongwei;ZHENG Jian;SONG Pu;MAO Zhiyuan(Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,西安710065

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第S02期320-328,共9页Materials Reports

摘　　要：液态金属脆化是金属材料与液态金属(如汞、镓和铟等)接触导致金属力学性能退化的现象,常表现为塑性损失、抗拉强度下降、延展性损失和断裂强度降低。液态金属脆化现象在工业生产中广泛存在,目前最为普遍接受的机理是吸附作用诱发表面和裂纹尖端原子间结合力的弱化,从而导致位错发射与界面分离。本文简要综述了液态金属脆化机理与影响因素的研究现状,分别从原子与晶体尺度上概述了晶界原子侵穿模型和晶间开裂模型,分析了脆化破坏与液态金属腐蚀的关系,总结了现有研究存在的几点问题,并给出了未来研究的建议。Liquid metal embrittlement is a phenomenon where the mechanical properties of metals deteriorate when it comes into contact with liquid metal,such as Hydrargyrum,Gallium and Indium,which are usually manifested as plastic loss,decreased tensile strength,loss of ductility,and decrease in fracture strength.The liquid metal embrittlement is widely discovered in industrial production,and the most commonly accepted mechanism is the weakening of the bonding force between the surface and crack tip atoms induced by adsorption,leading to dislocation emission and interface separation.This paper briefly reviewed the research status of the mechanism and influence factors of liquid metal embrittlement,the grain boundary atomic penetration model and intergranular cracking model are introduced from the atomic and crystal scales,and analyzed the relationship between them and liquid metal corrosion.Based on the research results of liquid metal embrittlement in recent years,several problems in the existing research are summarized and suggestions for future research are given.

关 键 词：液态金属脆化 晶间穿透 脆性断裂 晶间腐蚀 位错发射 裂纹扩展 

分 类 号：TG111.91[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]