不同育苗方式和移栽方式对烤烟田间抗病抗逆性的影响  

Effects of seedling raising and transplanting cultivation methods on tobacco field resistance to disease and stress

作　　者：王颢杰 李俊营 何晓冰 许跃奇 何雷 孟颢光[1] 蒋士君[1] 常栋[2] 崔江宽 WANG Haojie;LI Junying;HE Xiaobing;XU Yueqi;HE Lei;MENG Haoguang;JIANG Shijun;CHANG Dong;CUI Jiangkuan(College of Plant Protection,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Pingdingshan Branch of Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Pingdingshan 467000,China;Henan Provincial Tobacco Company,Zhengzhou 450018,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学植物保护学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司,河南平顶山467000 [3]河南省烟草专卖局(公司),河南郑州450018

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2023年第6期996-1007,共12页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南农业大学教学改革研究与实践项目(2022XJGLX140);河南省烟草公司平顶山市公司科技项目(PYKJ202102);中国烟草总公司河南省公司重点项目(2023410000240023)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同育苗方式和移栽方式对烟草田间抗病抗逆性的影响。【方法】试验采用双因素完全随机设计,包含生态深栽、膜下小苗移栽2种移栽方式和湿润育苗、浅水育苗、干湿交替育苗、无纺布育苗和漂浮育苗5种育苗方式。系统分析育苗方式和移栽方式对田间烟草农艺性状、烟草重要病害病情指数和抗病抗逆酶活性的影响。【结果】与膜下小苗相比,生态深栽在5种育苗方式下均促进了烟草的生长并提高了抗病抗逆性;而在2种移栽方式中浅水育苗和无纺布育苗与漂浮育苗相比显著提高了烟草抗病抗逆性。生态深栽浅水育苗组合处理相比膜下小苗漂浮育苗组合对照处理,在烟草伸根期、旺长期和成熟期有效叶片数、株高、茎围、最大叶面积分别提高了31.14%、25.00%和21.70%,27.43%、20.86%和25.16%,35.71%、17.31%和14.54%,51.69%、30.06%和18.95%;病毒病、叶斑类病害和根茎类病害病情指数分别降低了24.29%、24.88%和15.51%,45.09%、31.16%和25.02%,68.84%、43.41%和35.99%;过氧化物酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性分别增加了60.66%、68.36%和22.67%,108.88%、43.08%和27.69%。【结论】不同育苗方式和移栽方式及对烟草大田期各项农艺指标、抗病抗逆酶活性和田间病情指数的均有影响,生态深栽组合浅水育苗显著提升了烟草大田期的农艺性状和抗病抗逆酶活性,降低了病情指数,从而显著提高了烤烟大田期的抗病抗逆性。【Objective】To explore the effects of different seedling raising methods and transplanting methods on disease resistance and stress resistance of tobacco in the field.【Method】A two-factor completely random design was used in this experiment,including two transplanting methods(ecological deep planting and membrane-based transplanting)and five seedling raising methods(moist seeding system,shallow water seeding system,dry-wet alternation seeding system,non-woven fabric seeding system,and floating seeding system in tobacco).The effects of seedling raising and transplanting methods on the agronomic traits,disease severity index,and enzyme activity related to disease and stress resistant of tobacco in field were systematically analyzed.【Result】The results showed that,compared with membrane-based transplanting,ecological deep planting promoted the growth and improved the disease resistance and stress tolerance of tobacco plants under all five seedling raising methods.Among the two transplanting methods,shallow water seeding system and non-woven seeding system significantly improved the disease resistance and stress tolerance compared with floating seeding system.In the treatment of combination with ecological deep planting and shallow water seeding system,the effective leaf number,plant height,stem circumference and maximum leaf area increased by 31.14%,25.00%,21.70%,27.43%,20.86%and 25.16%,35.71%,17.31%and 14.54%,51.69%,30.06%and 18.95%in the extension stage,peak,rapid growth stage and maturity stage of tobacco than those of in the combination of the membrane-based transplanting and floating seeding system,respectively.The disease indices of viral diseases,leaf spot and rhizome diseases decreased by 24.29%,24.88%and 15.51%,45.09%,31.16%and 25.02%,68.84%,43.41%and 35.99%,respectively.The activity of POD and SOD increased by 60.66%,68.36%and 22.67%,and by 108.88%,43.08%and 27.69%,respectively.【Conclusion】Different seedling raising methods and transplanting methods had effects on various agronomic indexes,d

关 键 词：烟草 育苗方式 移栽方式 抗病性 抗逆性 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]