北京古代河湖水利体系的规划思想和经验智慧  

Planning and Empirical Analysis of Ancient Rivers and Lake Conservation Systems in Beijing

作　　者：周坤朋 王崇臣 秦红岭[1] 尚君慧 ZHOU Kunpeng;WANG Chongchen;QIN Hongling;SHANG Junhui

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学文化发展研究院、人文学院 [2]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院 [3]苏州大学金螳螂建筑学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2023年第12期11-18,共8页South Architecture

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重点项目(19LSA002):北京河湖水系历史变迁及水文化遗产保护利用研究;北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(SM202310016001):申遗背景下北京中轴线水系历史演变、文化价值与保护利用研究共同资助。

摘　　要：为揭示北京古代河湖水利体系规划设计的思想及价值意义。从功能特点、内在机制、雨洪应对、工程设计等方面,探究了北京古代水利体系功能格局、层级规划、调蓄空间、联通机制和低技术设计等,解析了其对当代城市生态建设的启示。其科学性表现在:多功能的水利格局满足城市运行多元需求、平稳的调蓄机制保障日常有序运行、强大的雨洪蓄排能力有效消减城市雨洪压力、巧妙的水利工程设计为水利体系构建提供支撑。分析可知:北京古代河湖水利体系的规划、设计和构造蕴含着非常科学的思想与经验,可为当代城市水利开发、海绵城市建设提供有效借鉴。Beijing is a city with a long history of water management.The development of the capital always involves water governance,development and utilization,thus contributing to brilliant hydraulic civilization.The ancient river and lake water conservation system in Beijing is the main factor contributing to the hydraulic civilization,which reflects the wisdom of the designers.The planning and empirical methods used in the historic river and lake conservation systems in Beijing,and their significance to contemporary urban ecology were analyzed.First,the spatial planning and developmental changes of the historic water conservation system in Beijing during Jin,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties were analyzed from the perspective of water conservation,and functional design.The findings suggest that that water conservation strategy in ancient times was based on a multi-functional pattern meeting the urban needs.Second,the hierarchical planning,diversion and storage mechanism,and the lock-dam water storage system of historic rivers and lakes in Beijing were explored from the perspective of internal regulation and storage of water.The operational mechanism entailed regulation of water resources.Third,the internal connection,storage space and node design of ancient urban rivers,lakes and channels in Beijing were explored from the perspective of urban rainstorm drainage and storage,which revealed the unique planning and design adopted.Finally,the planning,design,construction and technical methods of historic river water diversion and drainage were investigated from the perspective of water conservation engineering,which suggested a low level of technology used to build the river channels.Thus,the historic river and lake water conservation system in Beijing can be summarized as follows.First,it was characterized by a multifunctional pattern based on water source development,moat construction,water transport planning,and river-lake connection according to the urban developmental needs under all dynasties.Hence,the water conservation sy

关 键 词：北京 古代河湖 水利体系 规划思想 经验智慧 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]