建筑遗产中的生态智慧——以白鹿洞书院建筑群的风环境为例  

The Role of Ecological Wisdom in Architectural Heritage:A Case Study based on Wind Environment of Architectural Complex in BaiLuDong Academy

作　　者：赵志青[1] 章思懿 彭亦展 ZHAO Zhiqing;ZHANG Siyi;PENG Yizhan

机构地区：[1]南昌大学建筑与设计学院

出　　处：《南方建筑》2023年第12期49-57,共9页South Architecture

基　　金：住房和城乡建设部2020年科学技术项目计划(2020-K-009):城镇老旧小区绿色更新改造和功能提升关键性技术集成。

摘　　要：在中国古代建筑设计中,风水布局以其丰富的生态智慧而被广泛应用于建筑群的总体布局。以具有典型龙虎砂风水布局的江西白鹿洞书院建筑群为研究对象,探究了风水对建筑通风的积极影响。通过对比研究法,提出了一种异化风水特征的环境布局,并利用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟庭院风环境,分析两种布局的庭院通风情况。结果显示,采用风水布局的院落相比异化布局,舒适风速的区间面积占比更高。夏季,采用风水布局的主要房屋前后风压差优于异化布局,有助于室内通风。冬季,风水布局有利于减弱建筑群庭院内风速及风压,从而防止冬季寒冷空气的渗入。验证了风水布局改善庭院风环境的实际效果,对提升建筑群整体物理环境具有显著意义,为低碳背景下的建筑遗产微气候环境研究提供了理论依据和技术支持。Fengshui layout has been widely used in the overall planning of architectural complexes in ancient Chinese architectural design,due to its extensive cultural heritage and abundant ecological wisdom.A case study based on the architectural complex of Jiangxi Bailudong Academy was carried out.The representative dragon-tiger-sandstone Fengshui layout was utilized in this architectural complex.The positive effects of Fengshui layout on ventilation of architectural complexes were analyzed.An environmental layout with heterogeneous Fengshui characteristics was proposed using a comparative technique.Further,the wind environment of architectural complex was simulated via computational fluid mechanics(CFD),in an effort to analyze the differences between the two layouts in courtyard wind environment.Further,a comprehensive field investigation was conducted,including specific data of architectural complex and field measurements of wind environmental data.Regression coupling between field measurements and PHOENICS numerical simulation as well as Pearson correlation analysis validated the role of PHOENICS in CFD simulation.It also ensured the reliability of simulation.The results suggested that the proportion of areas with comfortable wind speed in courtyard using Fengshui layout was higher than in courtyard using a heterogeneous layout in summer,thus providing cooler and more pleasant environment.Further,the differences in air pressure in front of and behind the main houses with Fengshui layout were an advantage in summer.The proportion of houses with favorable ventilation was 13.3% higher than that of houses with unfavorable Fengshui layout.This approach has practical application in ventilation optimization of architectural complexes in summer.In winter,Fengshui layout allows adjustment of wind speed and pressure in building courtyard.The results suggested that Fengshui prevented diffusion of cold air effectively and contributed to a warmer and more pleasant living environment in winter.The average wind speed of courtyard wi

关 键 词：生态智慧 建筑风环境 白鹿洞书院 龙虎砂风水布局 CFD模拟 

分 类 号：TU984.114[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] TU11