“落得打”本草考证  

Textual Research on the Materia Medica of"Luodeda"

作　　者：龙佳瑜 范崇峰 LONG Jiayu;FAN Chongfeng(Institute of Literature in Chinese Medicine,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing,Jiangsu,China,210023)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学中医药文献研究所,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《河南中医》2023年第12期1814-1820,共7页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项项目(21VJXG038)。

摘　　要：“落得打”在《中华本草》《中国植物志》及各省药物志中均没有作为正名收录,现今通常作为“积雪草”的处方名应用于临床,但文献记载的“落得打”别名有多种,如积雪草、商陆、陆英等。经考证,积雪草与“落得打”不存在异名关系,本草专书记载的“落得打”与积雪草的植物特征、功效主治均不一致,且积雪草其名由来已久,在历代本草专书中均以正名记载,并无作“落得打”先例。其次,明清以来上海周边地区地方志文献中记载的“落得打”即商陆,以及《浙江民间常用草药》中记载的“落得打”为“陆英”之异名,证据均不充分。《本草从新》《本草拾遗》所载“落得打”性味甘平,陆英味苦性寒、商陆味辛酸性平且具有毒性,三者虽皆记载可外用,但主治有较大差别,因此,三者应为不同药物,不存在异名关系。整理《本草从新》及《本草拾遗》中关于“落得打”的记载,发现其植物特征、用药部位、功效主治等方面与土牛膝更相似,土牛膝与怀牛膝、川牛膝相比药力稍逊但功效相近,有较好的破恶血功效,是治疗跌打损伤的一味良药,故“落得打”应为土牛膝。"'Luodeda(Centella asiatica)"is not included as an official name in Chinese Materia Medica,Flora of China,and various provincial drug records.Currently,it is commonly called as"Jixuecao(Herba Centellae)"and used in formulas in clinical practice.However,there are various aliases of"Luodeda"recorded in literature,such as Jixuecao(HerbaCentellae),Shanglu(Radix Phytolac-cae),Luying(Herba Sambuci),etc.After textual research,it has been found that there is no synonymous relationship between Jixuecao and"Luodeda".The plant characteristics,efficacy,and indications of"Luodeda"recorded in herbal books are inconsistent with those of Jixuecao.Moreover,the name Jixuecao has a long history and has been recorded as an official name in specialized herbal books through-out history,without any precedent for"Luodeda".Secondly,the evidence in local chronicles of the surrounding areas of Shanghai since the Ming and Qing dynasties is insufficient,including the record that"Luodeda"is Shanglu and the record that"Luodeda"is an alias for"Luying"in Zhejiang Folk Commonly Used Herbs.According to Thoroughly Revised Materia Medica and Supplement to"The Materia Medica","Luodeda"has a sweet in flavor and mild in property,Luying has a bitter flavor and cold property;and Shanglu has a spicy and acidic flavor and mild property,as well as toxicity.Although there are records that these three can be used externally,there are sig-nificant differences in their indications.Therefore,the three should be different herbs and there is no alias relationship.By sorting out the records on"Luodeda"in Thoroughly Revised Materia Medica and Supplement to"The Materia Medica",it has been found that its plant characteristics,medicinal sites,and therapeutic effects are more similar to those of(Radix et Rhizome Achyranthes).Compared with Huai Niuxi(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae)and Chuan Niuxi(Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae),Tuniuxi has slightly weaker medici-nal power but similar efficacy,and has better blood-breaking effects.It is a good medicine for treating traumatic

关 键 词：“落得打” 土牛膝 积雪草 商陆 陆英 

分 类 号：R281.4[医药卫生—中药学]