中国耕地利用变化时空分异特征及对耕地NPP的影响  

Spatio-temporal differentiation of cropland use change and its impact on cropland NPP in China

作　　者：原晋涛 陈万旭 曾杰 YUAN Jin-tao;CHEN Wan-xu;ZENG Jie(Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change,School of Geography and Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(武汉)区域生态过程与环境演变湖北省重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2023年第12期3135-3149,共15页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42001187);湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(22G024);湖北省教育厅科学研究计划指导性项目(B2022262)。

摘　　要：近40年来中国耕地时空格局经历了深刻重塑。科学揭示中国耕地利用变化时空分异特征并评估其对耕地NPP的影响,对于准确研判中国耕地资源利用形势与保障粮食安全具有重要意义。然而,当前鲜见研究关注中国耕地利用变化时空分异特征及对耕地NPP的影响。基于此,本文综合运用重心分析、空间统计分析、数字地形分析等方法定量分析了1980—2020年中国耕地利用变化时空分异特征及对耕地NPP的影响。结果表明:(1)1980—2020年间中国转入耕地数量逐渐超过转出耕地,总体呈南减北增、东减西增的空间分布特征,耕地转入转出重心总体都在向西南方向移动;(2)转入转出耕地都向高海拔高坡度地区推进,转入耕地平均海拔与坡度总体高于转出耕地,存在“占缓补陡”“占低补高”现象;(3)转入转出耕地破碎化程度都不断加剧,且转入耕地破碎化程度更高,存在“占整补零”现象;(4)1980—2000年间耕地与草地、林地转换最频繁,2000—2020年间退耕还林还草和建设用地侵占耕地现象愈发明显;(5)研究期间中国耕地NPP总体呈上升趋势,但在多个城市群及其周边区域有所下降。研究结果为认识中国耕地利用变化过程及其对耕地NPP的影响提供了依据,为精细化耕地保护政策制定以及保障粮食安全提供科学支撑。The spatio-temporal patterns of China's cropland have been profoundly reshaped over the past 40 years,and it is vital to scientifically reveal the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of cropland use change and analyze its impact on cropland NPP for accurately judging the utilization situation of cropland resources and ensuring food security in China.However,few studies have focused on the spatio-temporal characteristics of cropland use change and their impacts on cropland NPP in China were still unclear.This study quantitatively analyzed the spatio-temporal differentiation characteristics of cropland use change in China from 1980 to 2020 and its impact on cropland NPP by applying the models of gravity analysis,spatial statistical analysis,and digital terrain analysis.The results were showed as follows:(1)The quantity of transfer-in cropland in China gradually exceeds that of transfer-out cropland during 1980-2020,with the spatial characteristics of south-decreased and north-increased,eastdecreased and west-increased,and the gravity center of transfer-out cropland and transfer-in cropland overall moves to Southwest China.(2)Both transfer-in and transfer-out cropland develop to areas with high elevation and slope,and the average elevation and slope of transferin cropland is higher than that of transfer-out cropland with the phenomenon of"even cropland decreasing with steep cropland increasing"and"low-elevation cropland decreasing with highelevation cropland increasing".(3)The fragmentation degree of transfer-in and transfer-out cropland in China has deepened,with the fragmentation degree of transfer-in cropland being higher and the phenomenon of"contiguously reduced and fragmentarily increasing".(4)The conversion of cropland to grassland and forest land was most frequent during 1980-2000,and the phenomenon of returning cropland to forest land and grassland and construction land encroaching on cropland became more obvious during 2000-2020.(5)The cropland NPP in China generally increased during the study

关 键 词：耕地利用变化 数字地形分析 景观格局指数 耕地NPP 中国 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]