青藏高原流动人口社会融入及其影响因素  

The social integration and its influencing factors of floating population in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：魏金鹏 田明[1] WEI Jinpeng;TIAN Ming(School of Social Development and Public Policy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第12期3248-3263,共16页Geographical Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0406);国家自然科学基金项目(42371197)。

摘　　要：基于2017年流动人口动态监测调查数据,构建社会融入指标体系,分析青藏高原流动人口社会融入水平和影响因素。研究发现:青藏高原流动人口社会融入整体水平不高,不同维度差异显著,心理认同相对较高,社会参与相对较难。从流动人口来源看,户籍地来源为青藏高原内部的流动人口具备居住状况与心理认同融入优势,户籍地来源为东部地区的流动人口具备经济与社会参与融入优势。从流入地来看,流入地城市人口规模越大,流动人口社会融入整体水平与心理认同融入水平越高。青藏高原流动人口社会融入水平受个体特征和地区特征的综合影响与全国其他地区相比兼具共性与特性,更高的受教育程度、非农业户口、短距离的省内跨市县流动和更长的流入时长均对社会融入水平产生显著的正向影响,这与其他地区一致。年龄对社会融入水平呈倒“U”型影响,男性社会融入水平高于女性,未婚人员的社会融入水平高于已婚人员,与其他地区存在差异。此外,高原独特的社会文化因素,比如民族差异、寺庙数量等对流动人口的整体或分维度社会融入都有显著影响。Based on the 2017 dynamic monitoring survey data of migrants,this study constructs an evaluation index to analyze the social integration level and factors of migrants in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP).The results show that the overall level of the study area is low.Migrants stay in the seriously unbalanced process of social integration among distinct dimensions in the QTP,with high level of psychological identity and low level of social participation.From the perspective of region of household registration,migrants within the the QTP have the advantages of living conditions and psychological identity integration,while migrants from the east of China have the advantages of economic and social participation.From the perspective of the inflow city,the larger the population size of the city,the higher the overall level of social integration and psychological identity integration of migrants.The comprehensive influence mechanism on social integration level of migrants in the QTP is influenced by individual and regional characteristics,which has both common and special characters with other regions in China.Higher education level,non-agricultural household registration,intra-provincial migration and longer local residence time of migrants have significant positive effects on the level of social integration.Age has an inverted“U”-shaped effect on social integration,with men having a higher level of social integration than women,while unmarried migrants having a higher level of social integration than married migrants,which differs from other regions.In addition,unique socio-cultural factors such as ethnic differences and the number of temples in the plateau have a significant impact on the overall or sub-dimensional social integration of migrants.

关 键 词：青藏高原 社会融入 流动人口 共性与特性 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] F127