黄河流域城市集中式生活饮用水水源地水质超标空间特征与因子识别  

Spatial pattern and indicators of urban centralized drinking water sources quality violations in the Yellow River Basin

作　　者：刘慧[1,2] 孙思奥 王晶 方创琳[1,2] LIU Hui;SUN Siao;WANG Jing;FANG Chuanglin(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Department of Planning and Programming,Ministry of Water Resources,China,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]水利部规划计划司,北京100053

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第12期3264-3277,共14页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071272、42222101)。

摘　　要：饮用水安全是人类最基本的生存需求。随着社会经济发展和人口增长,水源地面临的环境压力显著增大,水源地水质达标与保护面临极大挑战。开展城市集中式生活饮用水水源地水质超标研究,能为饮用水水源地保护提供合理依据。本文采用统计、热点、聚类等方法,分析2016—2020年黄河流域53个主要市州的城市集中式生活饮用水水源地水质超标状况、超标因子构成及其空间分布特征,讨论水源地水质超标的人为和自然原因。研究发现:①黄河流域城市水源地水质达标率为95.1%,湖库型水源地达标率最低,仅为90.6%。②水源地水质超标表现出较大的空间分异性,宁夏和甘肃东南部是水质超标的热点区域。③硫酸盐、总硬度、锰、氯化物和氨氮是主要的水质超标因子。研究结果为改善黄河流域城市集中式生活饮用水水源地水质和保障饮用水安全提供科学支撑。Drinking water safety is essential for the survival and health of human beings.Understanding water quality violations in urban centralized drinking water sources helps make policies to protect water sources towards improved drinking water safety.This study analyzed water quality of urban centralized drinking water sources in 53 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin in 2016-2020.The spatial patterns of quality violation and violation indicators were examined using statistical,hotspot and cluster methods.Anthropogenic and natural reasons that lead to quality violations of drinking water sources were discussed.The results indicated that 95.1%in the study samples complied with water quality standards.Drinking water sources from lake or reservoir have the lowest quality compliance rate of 90.6%.Water quality violations in drinking water sources presented spatial differences.Ningxia and southeast Gansu were hotspots of water quality violations.Sulfate,hardness,manganese,chloride and ammonia nitrogen were the main indicators that did not comply with the water quality standards in drinking water sources.The results are useful in improving the quality of urban centralized drinking water sources and ensuring drinking water security in the Yellow River Basin.

关 键 词：饮用水安全 水质监测 水污染 热点分析 聚类分析 城市水安全 

分 类 号：TU991.21[建筑科学—市政工程]