中国城市住房质量空间格局与影响因素空间异质性  

Spatial pattern and spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors of housing quality in urban China

作　　者：虞晓芬[1,2] 周家乐 湛东升 张金源[1,2] 金细簪[1,2] YU Xiaofen;ZHOU Jiale;ZHAN Dongsheng;ZHANG Jinyuan;JIN Xizan(China Academy of Housing&Real Estate,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310014,China;School of Management,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学中国住房和房地产研究院,杭州310014 [2]浙江工业大学管理学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《地理研究》2023年第12期3278-3293,共16页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72274176、42001120);浙江省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金(GB202103004);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划(新苗人才计划)项目(2023R403064)。

摘　　要：精准识别中国337个地级及以上城市住房质量空间分布特征与影响因素空间异质性,可为深刻认知中国地域发展差距和促进中国城市住房高质量发展提供重要的科学依据。基于2020年中国人口普查分县资料和各城市社会经济特征数据,采用空间统计方法识别了中国城市住房质量空间集聚特征,并运用多尺度地理加权回归模型(Multiscale Geographically Weighted Regression,MGWR)探究中国城市住房质量影响因素的空间异质性。研究结果发现:①中国城市住房质量空间分布呈现出以胡焕庸线为界“东南高西北低”的空间特征,并在新疆和内蒙古自治区境内略有回升的空间格局。其中,住房面积空间分布呈现出明显的“南高北低”空间格局;住房设施空间分布呈现出东南和西北地区相对较高的空间格局。②MGWR模型的拟合优度明显高于普通最小二乘回归模型和地理加权回归模型,且不同影响因素的空间作用范围存在尺度差异。其中,人均GDP、人均地方财政一般预算支出、人口老龄化和文盲人口比例是关键影响因素。③MGWR模型分析表明,社会经济因素和人口特征因素都会对中国城市住房质量产生显著的空间异质性影响。人均GDP和人均房地产开发投资额的正向影响呈现出南北空间分异格局;非农产业产值比例、人口老龄化和文盲人口比例的影响呈现出东西空间分化特征;人均地方财政一般预算支出影响的高值区为黔中城市群地区;城镇化率影响的高值区为东北三省和内蒙古地区;平均受教育年限影响的高值区为宁夏沿黄城市群地区;家庭户规模影响的高值区为辽中南城市群地区。Accurately identifying the spatial distribution characteristics and the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors of housing quality in 337 prefecture-level and above cities in China can provide an important scientific basis for profoundly understanding regional development gap and promoting the high-quality development of urban housing in China.Based on the data of China's population census by county in 2020 and the data of socioeconomic characteristics of each city,the spatial statistical method is used to identify the spatial agglomeration characteristics of housing quality in urban China,and a multiscale geographically weighted regression model(MGWR)is established to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors of housing quality.The conclusions can be drawn as follows:Firstly,the spatial distribution of housing quality in urban China shows a spatial characteristic of“high in the southeast and low in the northwest”with the Hu Line as the boundary,and a spatial pattern of a slight rebound in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia within the borders;the spatial distribution of housing area in urban China shows a spatial pattern of“high in the south and low in the north”;the spatial distribution of housing facilities in urban China shows a spatial pattern of“high in the southeast and northwest,and low in the northeast and southwest”.Secondly,the goodness of fit of MGWR results is significantly higher than that of the ordinary least squares regression model and geographically weighted regression model,and the different influencing factors have different working scales.The key influencing factors are per capita GDP,per capita general budget expenditure of local finance,population aging and the proportion of illiterate population.Thirdly,the results of the MGWR model show that both of the socio-economic and demographic factors have a significant spatial heterogeneity impact on housing quality in urban China.The positive impact of per capita GDP and per capita investment in real estate developmen

关 键 词：住房质量 空间格局 影响因素 多尺度地理加权回归 

分 类 号：P208[天文地球—地图制图学与地理信息工程] F299.23[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]