长江石首江段鱼类群落结构年际变化及禁渔效果  

Interannual Variation of Fish Community Structure in Shishou Section of Yangtze River

作　　者：方冬冬 杨海乐 张辉[1] 吴金明[1] 危起伟[1,2] FANG Dong-dong;YANG Hai-le;ZHANG Hui;WU Jin-ming;WEI Qi-wei(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan 430223,China;Wuxi Fisheries College,Nanjing Agricultural University,Wuxi 214000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水生物多样性保护重点实验室,湖北武汉430223 [2]南京农业大学无锡渔业学院,江苏无锡214000

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2023年第11期2338-2347,共10页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(YFI202201);农业农村部财政专项“长江渔业资源与环境调查(2017-2021)”。

摘　　要：基于2018年,2020~2022年在长江石首江段鱼类的监测数据,4年间共监测到鱼类62种,隶属于4目10科37属。其中鲤形目优势明显,有41种,占总种数的66.1%。不同年份间的鱼类种类数差别较大,2021年监测到的鱼类种类数要多于其他年份。采用多样性指数和多元统计分析显示,各年份的Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数波动较小,各年份之间相差不大,2021年的Shannon-Wiener指数值和Margalef丰富度指数值要大于其他3个年份。ABC曲线及W统计表明2018年鱼类群落结构相对稳定,优势种以大个体的种类为主。2020~2021年鱼类群落主要以生命周期短、个体小的种类为主。2022年较2020~2021年鱼类规格有所提升,鱼类群落相对稳定。Cluster分析和NMDS分析表明鱼类群落可分为两组,但ANOSIM检验表示两组间无明显差异。SIMPER分析表明,2020~2022年较2018年适应流水环境、底栖杂食性鱼类的丰度有所减少,适应静水、底栖肉食性鱼类和半洄游性鱼类的丰度有所增加。总体上长江石首江段鱼类群落较为稳定,且鱼类规格有增大的趋势。The monitoring data in Shishou Section of the Yangtze River.There were 41 species in Cypriniformes,accounting for 66.1%of the total species.There was difference in the number of fish species between years,with 2021 seeing more species than any other year.The diversity index and multivariate statistical analysis showed that the Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index fluctuated the Shannon⁃Wiener index and Margalef richness index in 2021 were larger than those in other years.The ABC curve and W statistics showed that the fish community structure was relatively stable in 2018,and the dominant species were mainly large individual species.From 2020 to 2021,the fish community mainly consists of species with short life cycle and small individuals.In 2022,compared 2020-2021,the fish community was relatively stable.Cluster analysis and NMDS analysis showed that the fish community could be divided into two groups ANOSIM test showed no significant difference between the two groups.SIMPER’s analysis showed that the abundance of benthic omnivorous fish adapted to flowing water environment decreased from 2020 to 2022 compared with 2018,while abundance of benthic carnivorous fish adapted to still water and semi⁃migratory fish increased,the fish community in Shishou section of the Yangtze River was stable,and the fish size tended to increase.

关 键 词：石首江段 鱼类群落结构 物种多样性 年际变化 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]