早期中国共产党人对“半殖民地”“半封建”话语的接受与使用——兼论其对中共实行“党内合作”的影响  

The Acceptance and Use of the Discourse of"Semi-colonial"and"Semi-feudal"by Early Chinese Communists——Simultaneously Discussing Its Impact on the Implementation of"Inner-Party Cooperation"in the CPC

作　　者：徐子杰 Xu Zijie

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学中国近代史研究所,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《苏区研究》2023年第6期86-97,共12页

摘　　要：列宁最早使用“半殖民地”“半封建”的话语来定义中国国情。列宁认为,在帝国主义势力与旧有封建制度的影响下,民国初期的中国国情既是“半殖民地半独立”和“半殖民地半自决”的,也是“半封建半资本主义”和“半封建半民主共和”的。而他并不看好这一状况下各种进步因素的增长。以陈独秀、蔡和森为代表的早期中国共产党人继承并发展列宁的观点,对中国近代以来国情问题的认识逐渐走向深入。他们不仅开始使用“半殖民地”“半封建”的话语来对其予以分析,而且随之提出了对中共革命战略的相应调整。从建党之初在国内独立自主开展无产阶级革命,到“三大”决定与国民党通过“党内合作”方式进行国民革命,中共在较短时间内实现了革命战略的重大转变。在这一变动过程中,早期中国共产党人对“半殖民地”“半封建”话语的构建和传播起到了明显推动作用。Lenin was the first to use the discourse of"semi-colonial"and"semi-feudal"to define China's national conditions.Lenin believed that under the influence of imperialist forces and the old feudal system,in the early period of the Republic of China,China's national conditions were both"semi-colonial and semi-independent"and"semi-colonial and semi-sovereign".It was also"semi-feudal and semi-capitalist"and"semi-feudal,semi-democratic and republican".Lenin was not optimistic about the growth of progressive forces in such a situation.The early Chinese Communists,represented by Chen Duxiu and Cai Hesen,adopted and developed Lenin's views,and gradually deepened their understanding of China's national conditions since modern times.They not only began to use the discourse of"semi-colonial"and"semi-feudal"to analyze the national conditions of modern China,but also proposed corresponding adjustments to the CPC's revolutionary strategy.From the early days of the founding of the CPC,which independently carried out the proletarian revolution in China,to the decision of the Third National Congress of the CPC to carry out the national revolution"Inner-Party Cooperation"with the Kuomintang,the CPC achieved a significant transformation in its revolutionary strategy during a relatively short period.In the process of this change,the early Chinese Communists played an obvious role in promoting the construction and dissemination of"semi colonial"and"semi feudal"discourse.

关 键 词：早期中国共产党人 “半殖民地” “半封建” 列宁 “党内合作” 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]