山东抗日根据地土杂钞的流通与肃清之策  

The Circulation and Eliminating Measures of Local Miscellaneous Currency in Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area

作　　者：钟钦武 Zhong Qinwu

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学历史文化系,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《苏区研究》2023年第6期111-128,共18页

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项“中国共产党盐业管理体制的历史嬗变与运行实绩”(202413009)。

摘　　要：山东抗日根据地的货币斗争存在“一体两翼”格局,即以中共北海币建设为“主体”,以查禁日伪钞券、排除国民党法币和清理土杂币为“两翼”。山东抗日根据地建设初期,中共实行严禁民间“私钞”和国民党“投钞”的政策,但默许民生票等国民党地方金融券流通,同时自行印制地方流通券以纾解通货短缺的压力。但是,土杂钞种类繁多给中共坚持敌后抗战、民众日常生活以及根据地经济发展造成不利影响。随着太平洋战争的爆发,山东货币格局发生了新的变化,中共遂调整政策,强调货币一元化建设,通过构筑北海币货币体系,挤掉了土杂币、法币和伪钞使用的空间,使中共掌握了区域货币的主导权。土杂钞的肃清,意味着山东区域市场民间货币发行权的取缔,中国货币从多元并立走向统一发展,在一定程度上推动了中国货币现代化的进程。The currency struggle in Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area has a"one body,two wings"pattern,with the construction of the CPC's Beihai currency as the body and the ban on Japanese puppet regime's currency,the elimination of Kuomintang's fiat currency,and the cleaning of local miscellaneous currency as the"two wings".In the early stage of the construction of Shandong Anti-Japanese Base Area,the CPC implemented a policy of strictly prohibiting"private currency"and the"Kuomintang's currency".However,it tacitly allowed circulation of Kuomintang's local financial vouchers such as Minsheng tickets,and printed local circulation vouchers to alleviate the pressure of currency shortages.However,the wide variety of local miscellaneous currency had a negative impact on the CPC's adherence to the anti-Japanese war behind the enemy lines,the daily lives of the people,and the economic development of the base areas.With the outbreak of the Pacific War,the monetary pattern in Shandong underwent new changes.The CPC adjusted its policies and emphasized the construction of a unified currency system.By constructing the Beihai currency system,it squeezed out the space for the use of local miscellaneous currency,fiat currency,and counterfeit currency,allowing the CPC to take control of regional currency.The elimination of local miscellaneous currency means the ban on the issuance rights of private currency in the Shandong regional market,and the transition of Chinese currency from pluralism to unity,which has to some extent promoted the modernization of Chinese currency.

关 键 词：山东抗日根据地 土杂钞 货币斗争 北海币 

分 类 号：D231[政治法律—政治学]