中国古瓷视角下的斯瓦希里文明嬗变  

The Transformation of the Swahili Civilization in the Middle Ages from the perspective of Ancient Chinese Porcelain

作　　者：钱一平 Qian Yiping(Department of History,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200241,China;Department of Archaeology,York,United Kingdom,YO17EP)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学历史学系,上海200241 [2]英国约克大学考古系,约克YO17EP

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2024年第1期47-58,157,共13页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：华东师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目“中国古瓷在东非沿海的文化采借现象研究”(项目批号:YBNLTS2022-028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自9世纪起,中国陶瓷就通过印度洋贸易网络流通到东非,随后在斯瓦希里海岸出现了一种中国物质文化与阿拉伯宗教文化相结合的文化采借现象。11—15世纪,以中国陶瓷为代表的进口器物被广泛地运用在东非沿海城市的核心建筑——柱墓、清真寺和石屋中,用来连接过去和现在、本土与海外,并成为精英贵族“大传统”的一部分,表现出了同中有异的跨文化特征,反映了前现代的亚非联系。来自波斯和阿拉伯地区移民群体的更迭使东非地区对中国陶瓷作为建筑装饰的使用呈现出时代性变化,同时斯瓦希里人发挥非洲主动性,形成了将珊瑚石建筑、城市与文明挂钩的生活方式和象征体系。以中国古瓷来解释斯瓦希里文明的发展变化成为学界外来起源和本土起源争论的一部分,而借助跨学科的视角能更为全面地认识这段东非历史。From the ninth century onwards,Chinese porcelain circulated to East Africa through the Indian Ocean trade network,followed by a culture reference phenomenon in the Swahili coast which combined Chinese material culture with Arab religious culture.Those porcelains were used to link the past with the present,and the local with the overseas.As a part of the“great tradition”of the elite aristocracy,they display a cross-cultural characteristic reflecting pre-modern Afro-Asian connections.The use of Chinese porcelain as architectural decoration changed along with the immigration from Persia and Arabia to East Africa.In this progress,Swahili people developed a lifestyle and symbolic system by linking up coral stone buildings,cities and civilizations.Chinese porcelain has been a focal point in the debate regarding to the origin of Swahili civilization.

关 键 词：斯瓦希里文明 非洲主动性 中国瓷器 伊斯兰文化 

分 类 号：K876.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K42[历史地理—历史学] F429[经济管理—产业经济] F752.9F749