常见彩绘文物霉菌抑菌剂评价体系的构建  

Construction of an evaluation system for fungicides used on polychrome cultural relics

作　　者：郭金沂 王丽琴[1,2] 任宇华 彭镁漫 赵星[1,2] 吴晨[3] 郭郎 GUO Jinyi;WANG Liqin;REN Yuhua;PENG Meiman;ZHAO Xing;WU Chen;GUO Lang(School of Cultural Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation(Northwest University),Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710127,China;Xi’an Institute of Archaeology and Conservation on Cultural Heritage,Xi’an 710068,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,陕西西安710027 [2]文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室(西北大学),陕西西安710027 [3]西安市文物保护考古研究院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第6期1-10,共10页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52203126);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019ZDLSF07-05)资助。

摘　　要：彩绘文物表面滋生霉菌会改变文物的颜色与外貌、破坏整体稳定性,对文物造成严重破坏。防止霉菌破坏的重要方法就是使用抑菌剂,但目前缺乏科学评价彩绘文物抑菌剂的方法体系。本研究选择异噻唑啉酮、戊唑醇等12种抑菌剂,以产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum)、杂色曲霉(Aspergillus versicolor)、枝孢菌(Cladosporium sp.)、交链孢霉(Alternaria alternata)和日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicus)五种彩绘文物常见霉菌为对象,从抑菌活性、抗药性、颜色变化、抑菌效果及其长效性等方面对抑菌剂性能进行了系统评价,并初步构建了用于彩绘文物典型病害菌防治的抑菌剂评价方法体系。实验结果表明:依据所构建的评价方法体系筛选出对上述五种常见霉菌抑菌效果良好的抑菌剂及其质量分数,即0.15%异噻唑啉酮和戊唑醇,2%苯扎氯铵、肉桂精油和克霉唑;同时,苯扎氯铵对五种霉菌抑菌效果的长效性良好;0.2%纳他霉素会引起部分颜料颜色的改变。本研究通过多项指标选择抑菌剂,所构建的霉菌抑菌剂评价体系为彩绘文物的霉菌防治提供依据,对彩绘文物保护具有重要意义。The growth of molds on the surfaces of polychrome cultural relics will cause serious damage to cultural relics by changing the color and appearance and destroying the overall stability.An important method to prevent and control the mold damage is to use fungicides.Previous studies have found that different strains have different sensitivities to specific fungicides,and the concentration is not always the same.Therefore,in the face of complex and diverse molds in the actual conservation work for cultural relics,how does one select effective fungicides and adopt appropriate concentrations for mildew-proof treatments?This has become the bottleneck problem of using fungicides to prevent polychrome cultural relics from being mildewed.In order to explore the methods for selecting the types and concentrations of fungicides for polychrome cultural relics,12 kinds of fungicides,including isothiazolinone,tebuconazole,natamycin,clotrimazole,benzalkonium chloride,dichlorophenol,cinnamon essential oil,clove essential oil,thyme essential oil,basil essential oil,benzimidazole and nanosilver were selected,and five common molds found in polychrome cultural relics,including Penicillium chrysogenum,Aspergillus versicolor,Cladosporium sp.,Alternaria alternata,and Aspergillus japonicus were used as the fungi being studied.The performances of these fungicides were systematically evaluated from the aspects of their antifungal activity,drug sensitivity,color change,antifungal effect and long-term effectiveness.In addition,a preliminary fungal control evaluation method system for the prevention and control of typical molds in polychrome cultural relics was developed:1)measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and the minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of the fungicides using 96-well plates for preliminary screening and also to determine whether the mold was resistant to the fungicide(according to MBC≥32MIC);2)judging whether the fungicides will change the colors of polychrome cultural relics based on color difference value

关 键 词：评价体系 抑菌剂 霉菌 彩绘文物 

分 类 号：K879[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K854.3[历史地理—历史学]