清代梅花玉版笺的科学分析与加工工艺复原研究  

Scientific analysis and making craft restoration of the plum blossom jade plate paper of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：屈雅洁 谷岸[1,2] 马越[1,2] 赵丽红[1] 雷勇[1,2] QU Yajie;GU An;MA Yue;ZHAO Lihong;LEI Yong(The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009,China;Key Laboratory of Painting and Calligraphy Conservation(The Palace Museum),Ministry of Culture and Tourism,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009 [2]书画保护文化和旅游部重点实验室(故宫博物院),北京100009

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2023年第6期40-47,共8页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2019YFC1520300)资助。

摘　　要：梅花玉版笺是一种久负盛名的清代宫廷御用粉蜡笺。本研究通过多种检测方法对故宫博物院藏的一件白色梅花玉版笺的制作材料进行了科学分析:在透光摄影中观察到纸张表面施粉时的涂刷痕迹,涂刷工具宽度约为5 cm;三维视频显微镜显示纸张表面描金的泥金碎片宽度为0.8~12μm;通过纤维分析发现此件梅花玉版笺为皮竹混料纸;使用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析纸张表面施粉为铅白颜料;通过大面积X射线荧光成像光谱仪对冰梅纹及钤印进行了面扫,结果显示钤印处主要元素为Hg、Fe、Ca;微区X射线荧光光谱仪检测结果显示冰梅纹所用为两种纯度不同的泥金。根据检测分析结果对梅花玉版笺的加工工艺进行了复原尝试,制作的复制样品与文物材质相同、外观相似。基于以上工艺流程结合各色粉蜡笺染料成分分析结果,可进一步尝试复原各色粉蜡笺与梅花玉版笺。The plum blossom jade plate paper(Meihuayubanjian)is a kind of famous Qing Dynasty court coating processed paper.In this study,a white Meihuayubanjian collected in the Palace Museum was analyzed using multiple scientific approaches:1)light-transmissive photography was carried out to observe painting traces during powder application—the width of the brush tool was about 5 cm;2)3D video microscopy was used to observe the details of gold painting on the paper—the width of gold fragments ranged from 0.8μm to 12μm;3)using optical microscopy,it was found that the paper was made from bark fiber and bamboo fiber;4)Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectrometry revealed that the coating material on the paper surface was lead white pigment;5)the ice-plum pattern and the seal were scanned using large-area X-ray fluorescence(XRF)imaging spectrometry,which showed that the main elements in the seal were Hg,Fe and Ca;6)micro-area XRF spectrometry showed that two kinds of mud gold with different purities were used.Based on these results,the craft for making Meihuayubanjian was restored,and the replica sample made had the same material and similar appearance to the relic.

关 键 词：梅花玉版笺 加工纸 工艺复原 涂布颜料 

分 类 号：K876.9[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]