地铁列车客室乘员咳嗽飞沫传播规律研究  

Investigation on the propagation law of coughing droplets in passenger compartment of subway train

作　　者：伍钒 李旋 崔清民[4] 李恒奎 范志强 徐任泽 WU Fan;LI Xuan;CUI Qingmin;LI Hengkui;FAN Zhiqiang;XU Renze(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track,Ministry of Education,School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technologies for Rail Traffic Safety,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;College of Software,Henan University of Engineering,Zhengzhou 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075 [4]河南工程学院软件学院,河南郑州451191

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第12期4529-4540,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52072413);中南大学研究生科研创新项目(506021732)。

摘　　要：呼吸道传染性疾病的频发引起了公众对公共交通工具内部环境卫生安全的极大关注。地铁客室由于密闭性较高且乘员密度较大,携带病原体的飞沫在客室内气流的作用下可能迅速扩散与传播,因而客室乘员存在感染的风险。合理设计客室内气流组织,降低呼吸道传染疾病交叉感染风险是亟待解决的关键问题。基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法,使用具有完整风道和高度还原的地铁客室模型,构建通过试验验证的地铁客室内飞沫传播仿真方法。探索典型地铁列车客室复杂流场中呼吸道飞沫的传播规律,研究了在不同位置乘客咳嗽释放的飞沫扩散规律与时空分布特性。研究结果表明,列车客室气流组织对小粒径飞沫的运动起主导作用,不同位置释放的飞沫在传播范围与扩散速度方面呈现较大差异。在客室端部释放的飞沫,主要在释放源附近循环运动,88.56%的飞沫长时间悬浮和循环,使该区域乘客有较长的暴露时间和较大的感染风险;客室中部释放的飞沫扩散范围较广,16s纵向输运距离可达7m;客室顶部空调机组集中回风口附近形成较强的向上气流,使该区域94.1%的咳嗽飞沫在4.5s被吸入回风口,有通过空调机组混合腔弥散至客室的可能。本研究结果为优化地铁列车送风系统结构、设计客室气流组织,从而降低客室内呼吸道传染病交叉感染风险提供重要参考。The frequent occurrence of respiratory infectious diseases has aroused great public concern over hygiene and safety of the internal environment of public transportation.Due to the high tightness and passenger density in subway compartment,droplets carrying pathogens may rapidly diffuse and spread under the influence of compartment airflow,posing a risk of infection for passengers.The reasonable design of compartment airflow organization to reduce the risk of cross-infection of respiratory infectious diseases is a critical issue that needs to be addressed.Based on the Euler-Lagrange method and using a subway compartment model with complete air ducts and a high degree of fidelity,a droplet propagation simulation method for subway compartment validated through experiments was constructed.This study explored the propagation law of respiratory droplets in complex flow fields in typical subway train compartment and investigated the diffusion pattern and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of droplets released by passengers coughing in different positions.The results indicate that the airflow organization in train compartment plays a dominant role in the movement of small-size droplets,with significant differences in the propagation range and diffusion speed of droplets released from different positions.Droplets released at the end of the compartment primarily circulate near the release source,with 88.56%of droplets remaining suspended and circulating for an extended period,resulting in longer exposure times and higher infection risks for passengers in that area.Droplets released in the middle of the compartment have a wider diffusion range,with a longitudinal transport distance of up to 7 meters within 16 s.A strong upward airflow is formed near the centralized return air inlets at the top of the compartment,causing 94.1%of cough droplets in this area to be drawn into the return air inlets within 4.5 s,with the possibility of dispersion throughout the compartment via the air conditioning mixing chamber.This stu

关 键 词：地铁列车 空调系统 咳嗽飞沫 流动控制 数值仿真 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]