基于人体热舒适性的地铁车厢内变风量控制  

Control of variable air volume based on human thermal comfort in subway cars

作　　者：张玉成 张登春 ZHANG Yucheng;ZHANG Dengchun(School of Civil Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学土木工程学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第12期4732-4743,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：湖南省自然科学湘潭联合基金资助项目(2021JJ50122);2021年湘潭市第三批长株潭国家自主创新示范区建设专项(CG-ZDGS20211005)。

摘　　要：地铁空调是地铁车辆的重要组成部分,承担着为地铁车辆提供良好车内温湿环境的功能,是满足车厢内乘客热舒适性要求的主要设备。传统的温控系统采用定风量设置,低人员密度时冷量过大、高人员密度时冷量不足,车厢内人体热舒适问题有待改善。根据热湿平衡计算8种不同立席密度的送风量,通过Airpak软件数值模拟车厢内热环境,基于PMV指标-0.5~0.5的控制范围,对乘客5个热敏感部位进行变风量研究,探究列车运行时8种不同立席密度下的合适送风量,以满足乘客的热舒适要求。研究结果表明:立席密度增大至4人/m^(2),变风量已无法同时满足所有监测高度的热舒适性要求;变化同等风量时,随着高度的下降,PMV指标变化程度逐渐降低;采用变风量后,竖直高度下方部位受影响程度低于上方,因此优先通过变风量保证较高部位热舒适性要求;立席密度为1~8人/m^(2)时,满足人体舒适性所需的送风量为2900~14420m^(3)/h,对该风量进行3种档位和4种档位划分,通过PPD指标进行对比分析,分档控制与定风量控制相比,乘客的不满意率显著降低,同时4种档位控制要优于3种档位控制;采用分档控制,当立席密度为8人/m^(2)时,PPD降低幅度最大,达到23%。研究可为优化地铁车厢的温控系统,改善车厢内乘客热舒适性提供参考。Subway air conditioning is an important part of subway cars.It undertakes the functionalities of providing a good temperature and humidity environment for subway cars,which is the main equipment to meet the comfort requirements of passengers in the car.The temperature control system of traditional air conditioning adopts conventional constant air volume.The cooling capacity is too large when the density of people is low,whereas the cooling capacity is insufficient when the density of people is high,which needs to be improved.In this paper,according to the heat and moisture balance,the corresponding air supply volume under 8 different standing densities was calculated.The thermal environment in the car was numerically simulated by Airpak software.Based on the control range of PMV index from-0.5 to 0.5,the five thermal sensitive parts of passengers were studied,and the appropriate air supply volume under 8 different standing densities during train operation was explored to meet the human thermal comfort.The results show that with the increase of standing density to 4 person/m^(2),the variable air volume cannot meet the comfort requirements of all monitoring heights at the same time.When the same air volume is changed,the change degree of PMV index gradually decreases with the decrease of height.The influence degree of the lower part of the vertical height is lower than that of the upper part after the air volume is changed.Therefore,the variable air volume is preferred to ensure the comfort requirements of the higher height parts.When the standing density is 1~8 person/m^(2),the air supply volume required to meet human thermal comfort is 2900~14420 m^(3)/h.The air volume is divided into three and four gears.Through further comparative analysis of PPD index,the method of shift control can significantly reduce the dissatisfaction rate of passengers compared with the constant air volume control,and the method of four gears control is better than that of three gears control.The maximum reduction of dissatisfaction rate

关 键 词：地铁车厢 热舒适 分档控制 立席密度 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U231.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]