普通话“X头”结构词语语义虚化分析与思考  

Analysis and Reflection on the Semantic Virtualization of “X tou” in Mandarin

作　　者：刘若宜 张全生 LIU Ruo-yi;ZHANG Quan-sheng(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Xinjiang Normal University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830017;National Institute of General Language Education,Changji College,Changji Xinjiang 831100)

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学中国语言文学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830017 [2]昌吉学院国家通用语言教育学院,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《双语教育研究》2023年第2期48-53,共6页Bilingual Education Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代新疆中小学语文教育多模态语言资源需求及建设应用研究”(21BYY028)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在普通话“X头”结构词语中,语义虚化是“头”语音弱化的重要表现和手段。文本以《普通话水平测试实施纲要》中《普通话水平测试用必读轻声词语表》收录的21条“X头”结构词语作为考察对象,分类研究轻声“X头”结构、“头”意义虚化与语音弱化的关系,并对相似度较高、易混淆读音的“X头”进行辨析,通过穷尽性统计《现代汉语词典》中242条“X头”结构词语发现:“X头”语音弱化为少数现象,语音弱化中的“X”均为名词性词根,“头”意义的虚化常常伴随语音形式的弱化。此外,“X头”读音存在动态变异,两本权威工具书“X头”注音内容并不完全一致。Words like“X tou”is often pronounced with a softened tone;such practice is usually used to reflect the semantic virtualization per se.This article focuses on the analysis of 21“X tou”included in the“List of Required Neutral tone Words for Mandarin Proficiency Test”that is recorded in the“Essentials of Putonghua Proficiency Test”.The article categorizes and studies the structure of neutral tone“X tou”,with the attempt to analyze the correlations between the grammaticalization of the suffix“tou”and phonetic softening,and to distinguish confusable words with the“tou”suffix,which are produced similarly.The 242“X tou”words from the Modern Chinese Dictionary provide the data sample for static analysis.It is found that 1)the softening of“X tou”is a minor phenomenon,2)the“X tou”s in softened tone are mainly nouns,and 3)the virtualization of the meanings of“tou”in words are accompanied with a soften tone.There are dynamic variations in the“X tou”structure’s pronunication,and the phonetic transcriptions in the two most popular dictionaries are not totally identical to each other.

关 键 词：“X头” 普通话 轻声 

分 类 号：H116.4[语言文字—汉语]