住舱走廊区烟气温度分布特性实验分析  

Experimental study on smoke temperature distribution characteristics in corridors of crew cabins

作　　者：赵智强 陈潇[1] 陆守香[1] 康宁 张毅[1] 王锦波 ZHAO Zhiqiang;CHEN Xiao;LU Shouxiang;KANG Ning;ZHANG Yi;WANG Jinbo(State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230027,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《中国舰船研究》2023年第6期119-127,共9页Chinese Journal of Ship Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51704268)。

摘　　要：[目的]船舶多层住舱段发生火灾时,烟气沿走廊通道和梯口蔓延过程中的温度分布规律与建筑火灾相比有着明显的区别,需要充分认识船舶住舱火灾的特性。[方法]通过改变庚烷油盘尺寸和梯口启闭状态,在1∶5的缩尺多层住舱实验台内开展单层和跨层走廊火灾烟气温度分布特性的实验研究。[结果]结果显示,在火灾烟气单层蔓延情况下,走廊内竖向温度的分布存在明显的热分层现象,热分层高度在0.4 m以上,而在跨层蔓延情况下,走廊内竖向温度梯度有所减小,热分层高度降低至0.2 m以下;热分层高度在走廊转角和岔口等结构处有所降低;在水平蔓延过程中,烟气温度会持续降低,温度的分布符合指数衰减规律。[结论]火灾烟气在跨层蔓延后走廊区的热分层高度相比单层蔓延显著降低,水平蔓延过程中的温度衰减系数k随火源尺寸的增大而增大,所做研究可为船舶火灾风险评估以及消防设计提供理论支撑。[Objective]When a fire occurs in the multi-storey dwelling section of a ship,the temperature distribution pattern during the spread of smoke along corridors and ladder openings is significantly different from that of a building fire.Therefore,it is necessary to fully understand the characteristics of fire smoke in crew cabins.[Methods]An experimental study on the temperature distribution characteristics of fire smoke in single and multi-storey corridors is carried out in a 1︰5 scaled down ship model by changing the size of the heptane oil pool and the states of ladder openings.[Results]In the case of a single-storey spread of fire smoke,the vertical temperature distribution in the corridor shows an obvious thermal stratification phenomenon with a height of over 0.4 m.In the case of a multi-storey spread,the vertical temperature gradient in the corridors is lowered and the thermal stratification height is reduced to 0.2 m or less;the vertical thermal stratification height within the corridors is reduced at corners and turnouts;the smoke temperature continues to decrease during horizontal spreading;and the temperature distribution satisfies the exponential decay law.[Conclusions]The thermal stratification height in a multi-storey corridor is significantly reduced compared with a single-storey spread of fire smoke,and the temperature attenuation coefficient k in the horizontal spread process increases as the size of the fire source increases.The results of this study can provide theoretical support for the fire risk assessment and fire protection design of ships.

关 键 词：船舶火灾 住舱段 烟气流动 温度分布 

分 类 号：U664.88[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]