全球发达国家CH_(4)排放现状及特征分析  

Global methane emission status and characteristics based on greenhouse gas inventory in UNFCCC Annex I countries

作　　者：高文康[1,3] 胡杰 马占云 高东[1,3] 刘舒乐 李照濛 严薇 耿瑾泽 高庆先 GAO Wen-Kang;HU Jie;MA Zhan-Yun;GAO Dong;LIU Shu-Le;LI Zhao-Meng;YAN Wei;GENG Jin-Ze;GAO Qing-Xian(State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC),Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criterion and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;University of St.Gallen Dufourstrasse 50,St.Gallen 9000,Switzerland;Institute for Environment and Climate Research,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国科学院大学,北京101408 [4]圣加仑大学,圣加仑9000,瑞士 [5]暨南大学环境与气候研究院,广州510632

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2023年第6期693-703,共11页Climate Change Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3703003);能源基金会项目(G-2309-35044)。

摘　　要：基于《联合国气候变化框架公约》(UNFCCC)附件一国家提交的1990年至最新清单年份(2020年)温室气体排放数据,探讨了附件一国家排放现状、演变趋势和关键排放源。结果表明:(1)2020年UNFCCC附件一42个国家CH_(4)总排放量为187223.10万t CO_(2)当量,美国、俄罗斯联邦和澳大利亚CH_(4)排放量总和已经占到总排放量的60%。(2)与1990年相比,2020年UNFCCC附件一国家/集团CH_(4)排放整体呈下降趋势,美国、俄罗斯联邦、澳大利亚、欧盟(公约)和欧盟(京都议定书)分别下降14.79%、29.69%、24.01%、40.56%和40.34%,而土耳其、西班牙、新西兰和爱尔兰分别增加了50.62%、2.49%、3.97%和7.91%。(3)主要发达国家CH_(4)排放主要来自农业和能源部门,其次是废弃物部门。其中,在农业部门主要来自肠道发酵,其次是粪便管理;能源部门的CH_(4)排放主要来自燃料的逃逸排放;废弃物部门的主要排放源是固体废物填埋处理。The status,trends and key sources of CH_(4)emissions in Annex I countries are explored,based on GHGs emissions data from Parties submitted by Annex I countries to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)from 1990 to the most recent inventory year(2020).The results show that:(1)In 2020,the total CH_(4)emissions of the 42 countries in Annex I of the UNFCCC were 1872231.01 kt CO_(2)-eq,and the combined CH_(4)emissions of the United States,the Russian Federation and Australia accounted for 60%of the total emissions.(2)Compared with 1990,the overall CH_(4)emissions of Annex I countries/groups of UNFCCC showed a downward trend in 2020,of which United States,the Russian Federation,Australia,the European Union(Convention)and the European Union(Kyoto Protocol)decreased by 14.79%,29.69%,24.01%,40.56%and 40.34%respectively,while Turkey,Spain,New Zealand and Ireland increased by 50.62%,2.49%,3.97%and 7.91%respectively.(3)CH_(4)emissions in major developed countries mainly come from the agricultural and energy sectors,followed by the waste sector.Among them,in the agricultural sector mainly from enteric fermentation,followed by manure management;CH_(4)emissions from the energy sector come mainly from escape emissions from fuels;The main source of emissions in the waste sector is solid waste landfills.

关 键 词：UNFCCC 温室气体 CH_(4) 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]