市民社会批判的双重视域与马克思哲学的自由观——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的阐释  

The Dual Perspectives of Civil Society Criticism and Marx’s Philosophy of Liberty——An Interpretation Based on Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of

作　　者：贺来[1] 田帅帅 HE Lai;TIAN Shuai-shuai(School of Philosophy and Sociology,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学社会学院,长春130012

出　　处：《学习与探索》2023年第12期1-8,177,共9页Study & Exploration

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“唯物辩证法的重大基础理论与现实问题研究”(16ZDA242)。

摘　　要：如何理解人的自由是马克思全部理论的重要内容之一。马克思不是抽象地看待人的自由本质,而是将其还原到人所处的社会关系之中加以理解。市民社会构成近代社会的基本形态,为探寻人的自由解放之路,马克思基于哲学和政治经济学的双重视域对市民社会进行了批判,超越了仅仅停留于总结近代市民社会物质运动规律的古典政治经济学传统与从抽象出发批判近代市民社会的德国哲学传统。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是这一“双重视域批判”的积极成果,创造性提出了“异化劳动理论”。正是借助于“异化劳动”这一分析工具,马克思深刻揭露了资本主义劳动关系的现代奴役制本质和人的自由无法实现的社会现实根源。同时,立足于市民社会批判的双重视域,马克思给出了扬弃近代市民社会、实现人的现实自由的实践方案,即共产主义运动。Digital rural construction is a strategic path for Chinese agricultural and rural modernization,which has an important impact on the life of rural residents and their income.This paper utilizes panel data from 801 counties in China from 2016 to 2021 and employs PSM-DID to conduct empirical analyses.This research finds that digital rural construction can promote rural residents’income growth;mechanism test shows that digital rural construction mainly drives rural residents’income growth through digital inclusive finance and industrial structure transformation.Furthermore,digital rural construction facilitates the digitization of agriculture.However,in the short term,digital agriculture may lower rural residents’income;Heterogeneity analysis demonstrates that the positive effect of digital rural construction on rural residents’income is significant in the eastern,western,and central regions,with the most pronounced effect observed in the eastern region.Additionally,digital rural construction has a positive impact on income increase for rural residents in both agricultural and industrial counties.The results of intergroup difference tests suggest that digital rural construction has a greater potential to boost rural residents’income in industrial counties.

关 键 词：自由 市民社会批判 异化劳动 双重视域 共产主义运动 

分 类 号：D0[政治法律—政治学]