新兴帝国的“文明等级秩序”:1904年圣路易斯博览会中的美日人种展示比较  

The Emerging Empires’“Civilizational Hierarchical Order”:A Comparison of American and Japanese Ethnographic Displays at the 1904 St.Louis Exposition

作　　者：方卉 Fang Hui(School of Social History,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《黑河学院学报》2023年第12期149-152,156,共5页Journal of Heihe University

摘　　要：1904年圣路易斯博览会人类学部门汇集了来自世界各地的土著居民,美日两新兴帝国试图通过展览其治下的“他者”重塑国内外形象。美国通过“印第安保留地”“印第安学校”及菲律宾村展示了对“野蛮人”的“文明化”成果,意在合法化其对菲律宾统治的正当性,确认白人优越论调。日本在此次博览会中第一次在海外展出了日本土人——阿伊努人,其近似白人的生理特征引起了西方人极大的兴趣,也引发了对于黄种人“统治”白种人的忧虑。种族的等级秩序反映了美日对外扩张征服中对自身统治合法性与道德性的精心展示,实质还是从属于“白人至上”的种族主义秩序。The anthropology department of the 1904 St.Louis Exposition brought together indigenous people from all over the world,and the two emerging empires regarding the United States and Japan tried to reshape their images at home and abroad by exhibiting the“other”images under their rule.The United States,with the purpose of legitimizing its rule over the Philippines and confi rming the superiority of white people,demonstrated the achievements of“civilization”of“barbarians”through“Indian reservations”,“Indian schools”and Filipino villages.For the fi rst time at the expo,Japan exhibited overseas the Ainu,a native Japanese people,and their physical characteristics that resemble whites,which aroused great interest among Westerners and raised concerns about the“domination”of the white race by the yellow race.The hierarchical order of race,which is in essence subject to the racist order of“white supremacy”,can refl ect the United States’and Japan’s careful display of the legitimacy and morality of their expansion and conquest.

关 键 词：人种展示 印第安学校 菲律宾村 阿伊努人 白人优越论 

分 类 号：K142[历史地理—历史学]