一份珍贵的学术遗产:1950年代民族问题大讨论再审视  

A Precious Academic Heritage:Revisiting the Nationality Issue Debates of the 1950s

作　　者：晁福林[1] CHAO Fu-lin

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究基地

出　　处：《河北学刊》2024年第1期45-52,共8页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金冷门绝学研究专项“两周金文所见周边族群与诸夏交流融合资料综合研究”(21VJXT001)。

摘　　要：1950年代关于民族问题的大讨论,开启了中国史学界以马克思主义理论为指导研究民族问题的热潮。当时学习的重点是斯大林关于形成民族的四个要素。斯大林强调依照这四个要素衡量,在资本主义出现之前,不可能出现民族,民族只能是资本主义时代的产物。范文澜注意到斯大林论断的适用性问题,著文指出中、欧历史情况不同。欧洲历史进入资本主义时代才有了民族国家,而古代中国早在秦汉时期就已经有了“持久的相当巩固的整体”的王朝国家,“汉民族有它自己的发展过程,并不因为有了资本主义才开始形成民族”。围绕汉民族形成时间问题所展开的大讨论实际上是在马克思主义理论指导下成规模地研讨中华民族形成问题的嚆矢。这场大讨论的丰富成果是一份珍贵的学术遗产。The extensive debate on nationality issues during the 1950s marked the beginning of a fervor within China’s historical academic community to study nationality problems guided by Marxist theoretical principles.At that time,the focus of study was on Stalin’s four essential elements for the formation of a nation.Stalin emphasized that according to these four elements,nations could not exist before the emergence of capitalism,and nations could only be a product of the capitalist era.Fan Wenlan noticed the applicability issues regarding Stalin’s assertions and pointed out in his writing that the historical circumstances in China and Europe are different.In European history,nation-states emerged with the advent of the capitalist era.However,ancient China had already established dynastic states characterized by“a long-lasting and relatively consolidated entity”during the Qin and Han dynasties.Fan Wenlan argued that the Han nationality had its own developmental process,and the formation of the nation wasn’t contingent upon the emergence of capitalism.The extensive debate surrounding the timing of the formation of the Han nationality was actually a valuable academic legacy guided by Marxist theory.

关 键 词：民族 汉民族形成 中华民族 资本主义 1950年代 

分 类 号：K207[历史地理—历史学]