浅谈磷酸脲在西北盐碱土壤上的应用  

Discussion on the Application of Urea Phosphate in Saline Alkali Soil of Northwest China

作　　者：贺小云 杨瑞山 董合林[2] 郑苍松[2] 李鹏程[2] HE Xiaoyun;YANG Ruishan;DONG Helin;ZHENG Cangsong;LI Pengcheng(Gansu Wengfu Chemical Limited Liability Company,Jinchang,Gansu 737200,China;Institute of Cotton Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Cotton Biology Breeding and Industrial Technology,Anyang,Henan 455000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃瓮福化工有限责任公司,甘肃金昌737200 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种及产业技术国家工程研究中心,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《肥料与健康》2023年第6期13-17,40,共6页Fertilizer & Health

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化是许多干旱与半干旱地区引起作物产量下降的主要原因,是影响生态环境和农业生产的全球化问题。介绍了盐碱土形成的原因与危害,从控制土壤微区pH、减少土壤中氨的挥发、提高中微量元素吸收率等方面,阐述了磷酸脲改良盐碱土的原理。盆栽试验结果表明,施用磷酸脲处理的棉花出苗率优于对照处理的,且可以减轻低温环境对棉花出苗率的影响。水分运移测定结果表明,磷酸脲在盐碱土上具有较强的纵向运移、抗固定、磷养分活性高的特点。田间试验结果表明:施用磷酸脲处理的棉花,苗期生长指标优于对照处理的;花蕾期的株高高于对照处理的,现蕾数有增加的趋势;收获期籽棉产量比对照处理的提高4.15%。在我国西北干旱地区推广使用磷酸脲,不仅可以改良盐碱土,而且有助于促进水肥一体化施肥技术的不断发展。Soil salinization is the main cause of crop yield decline in many arid and semi-arid regions,as well as a global issue that affects the ecological environment and agricultural production.The causes of the formation of saline alkali soil and its hazards are introduced,and the principle of phosphate urea improving saline alkali soil is elaborated from the aspect of controlling soil microzone pH,reducing ammonia volatilization in soil,improving the absorption rate of medium and trace elements,and so on.The results of the pot experiment show that the emergence rate of cotton treated with urea phosphate is better than that of the control treatment,and can alleviate the impact of low temperature environment on the emergence rate of cotton.The results of water movement measurement show that urea phosphate has the characteristics of strong vertical migration,anti-fixation and high phosphorus nutrient activity in saline alkali soil.The results of field experiment show that the growth indicators of cotton seedling stage are better than those of the control treatment.The plant height during the bud stage is higher than that of the control treatment,and there is a trend of increasing the number of buds present.The yield of seed cotton during the harvest period increases by 4.15% compared to that of the control treatment.Promoting the use of urea phosphate in arid areas of northwest China can not only improve saline alkali soil,but also help to promote the continuous development of water and fertilizer integration fertilization technology.

关 键 词：盐碱土 磷酸脲 迁移特征 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] TQ126.35[农业科学—农业基础科学]