青藏高原超高海拔地区风能开发试验与生态环境效应分析  

Analysis on the Wind Energy Developmental Experiment at Ultra-High Altitude and its Effect on the Ecological Environment on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau

作　　者：阿旺加措 郜志腾 王强 李烨[3] 多吉[1,5] Ngawang-Gyatso;GAO Zhiteng;WANG Qiang;LI Ye;Dorji(School of Ecology and Environment,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China;Yajiang Qingneng Eco-Environmental Protection(Chengdu)Co.,LTD.,Chengdu 610011,China;School of Naval Architecture,Ocean&Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhanjiang),Zhanjiang 524000,China;Geological and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau of Tibet,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学生态环境学院,西藏拉萨850000 [2]雅江清能生态环保(成都)有限公司,四川成都610011 [3]上海交通大学海军建筑海洋与土木工程学院,上海200240 [4]南方海洋科学与工程广东试验室(湛江),广东湛江524000 [5]西藏地质矿产勘查开发局,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2023年第4期1-10,共10页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：西藏大学高水平人才培养项目(GSP-2020-B012);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U22A20569)。

摘　　要：青藏高原是世界上清洁能源最丰富的地区之一,但由于清洁能源的利用不足,当地仍然以牛粪等传统生物质能源作为居民主要生活能源。文章通过对西藏超高海拔地区(海拔5000 m以上)风能资源进行试验研究,梳理了风电与当地能源的供应关系,并全面分析了风力发电站的建设和运行对周边草原的噪声影响。结果表明:(1)当地居民对牦牛粪等生物质燃料的依赖程度很高,牦牛粪和其他生物质燃料的长期使用,阻碍了草原生态系统的物质循环和能量流动。(2)风力发电为当地居民提供了可靠的替代能源,试验风电场风力发电每年可为当地8410户家庭提供6000多万k W·h的清洁能源。(3)风力机运行期间会对周围600 m范围造成噪声污染。综上,超高海拔风电试验成果有助于推动当地能源绿色转型和维持草原生态平衡,同时也需进一步研究风力机运行对周围生态环境的潜在影响,包括对野生动物迁徙和栖息地的影响,以及对噪声和视觉干扰的管理。The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is one of the richest regions in terms of clean energy.Due to the underutilization of clean energy,local residents still rely on traditional biomass energy sources,such as cow dung,as their daily energy source.In this paper,an experimental study on the wind energy resources was conducted at ultra-high plateau region(above 5 000 m altitude) in Tibet and sorted out the relationship between wind power and local energy supply,and the noise impact on the surrounding grasslands caused by the construction and operation of wind power stations was analyzed comprehensively as well.The results showed that:(1) The local residents rely heavily on yak dung,and long-term use of yak dung and other fuels may hinder the material cycle and energy flow in the grassland ecosystem.(2) Wind power provides a reliable alternative energy source for local residents.The experimental wind power generationprovides more than 60 million kW·h of clean energy for 8410 households of local residentsannually.(3) During theoperation of the wind turbine,it will cause noise pollution within a range of 600 m around.In summary,the results of the ultra-high altitude wind powerexperiment can help to promote the green transformation of local energy and to maintain the development of grassland ecological balanced,while the potential impacts of wind turbine operation on the surrounding ecosystem need to be further investigation,including the impacts on wildlife migration and their habitat as well as the management of noise and visual interference.

关 键 词：超高海拔 风电试验 生物质燃料 生态环境 噪声污染 

分 类 号：TM614[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]