基于预钠化硬碳干法负极的准固态钠离子电池  

Quasi-solid state sodium ion batteries with pre-sodiated solvent-free hard carbon anodes

作　　者：周海云 周海涛 凌峰 伍建春 李晓伟 侯栋 葛静怡 徐腾 高宏权 ZHOU Haiyun;ZHOU Haitao;LING Feng;WU Jianchun;LI Xiaowei;HOU Dong;GE Jingyi;XU Teng;GAO Hongquan(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学材料科学与工程学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2023年第12期1299-1307,共9页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51702131,51774151);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(SBK2017041705);2019年江苏省政策引导类计划(国际科技合作)项目(BZ2019021)。

摘　　要：制造了一种长寿命和高能量密度的准固态钠离子电池。该电池采用了预钠化硬碳(HC/Na)干法负极和聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)-聚苯硫醚(polyphenylene sulfide,PPS)基复合固态隔膜(PE-PPS based composite solid state separator,PE-PPS-CSSS)。预钠化将硬碳干法负极的首次库仑效率从73%提高到93%,同时解决了干法负极中聚四氟乙烯(polytetrafluoroethylene,PTFE)“吃”钠的问题。使用PE-PPS-CSSS实现了钠在HC/Na干法负极上的均匀沉积/解离,有效解决了采用商用PE隔膜的钠电池在循环过程中电压不稳定和容易短路的问题。采用PE-PPS-CSSS和HC/Na干法负极组成的金属钠对称电池在电流密度为0.5 mA·cm-2的情况下可以实现超过300 h的循环稳定性,由Na 3V 2(PO 4)3(NVP,面容量为1 mAh·cm^(-2))和HC/Na组成的全电池在300圈循环后容量保持率在70%以上,且充放电平台稳定、平整,理论能量密度可达360 Wh·(kg NVP)-1。A quasi-solid state sodium ion battery was designed aiming at the achievement of long-life and high-energy density.Pre-sodiated solvent-free hard carbon(HC/Na)composite anode and polyethylene(PE)protected polyphenylene sulfide(PPS)based composite solid state separator(PE-PPS-CSSS)were employed in our sodium ion batteries.It was found that pre-sodiation can not only significantly improve the initial columbic efficiency of solvent-free hard carbon anode from 73%to 93%,but also solve the problem of“eating”sodium by polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)in solvent-free anode.In addition,the use of PE-PPS-CSSS can achieve uniform sodium deposition on the solvent-free HC/Na anode and inhibit the voltage instability or even short circuit during the cycling,which always happen for the battery with commercial ceramic-coated PE separator.Sodium-metal symmetrical battery composed of HC/Na and PE-PPS-CSSS can maintain cycling stability for over 300 h at a current density of 0.5 mA·cm-2.For the full cell composed of Na 3V 2(PO 4)3(NVP,area capacity 1 mAh·cm^(-2))and HC/Na,the capacity retention rate is above 70%after 300 cycles,with relatively stable and flat charge-recharge platform.The specific energy density based on the cathode active material can reach 360 Wh·(kg NVP)-1.

关 键 词：钠离子电池 硬碳 金属钠 干法电极 聚苯硫醚 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]