烟草在燃料制备领域的研究现状与展望  

Research status and prospects of tobacco in the field of fuel preparation

作　　者：王金棒 池哲翔 李源源[3] 邱纪青[1] 汪志波[1] 张渝婕 王永胜 周雅宁[1] WANG Jinbang;CHI Zhexiang;LI Yuanyuan;QIU Jiqing;WANG Zhibo;ZHANG Yujie;WANG Yongsheng;ZHOU Yaning(Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,Zhengzhou 450001,China;State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau,Beijing 100045,China;Staff Development Institute of CNTC,Zhengzhou 450008,China;Technology center,China Tobacco Hebei Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,河南郑州450001 [2]国家烟草专卖局,北京100045 [3]中国烟草总公司职工进修学院,河南郑州450008 [4]河北中烟工业有限责任公司技术中心,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《轻工学报》2023年第6期118-126,共9页Journal of Light Industry

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局、中国烟草总公司首席科学家创新专项项目(602022CK0550);国家烟草专卖局重点研发项目(110202102048;110202102051)。

摘　　要：针对烟草生产及加工过程中产生的大量烟草废弃物所带来的环境污染和资源浪费的问解,从燃料存在形态的视角对烟草及其废弃物的燃料化利用现状进行梳理,指出:固体燃料制备简单、使用方便,但对设备的要求较高,其中烟草原料炭化成型燃料更易于运输存储、清洁环保,且燃烧残渣可进行二次利用。液体燃料制备技术较为成熟,直接提取法操作简单,但收率取决于烟草原料中油脂的固有含量,对烟草品种要求较高;热化学转化法耗能高,但创新空间较大,液态燃料的化学组成可调,发展潜力较大;发酵法产品单一,主要是乙醇,效率不高,整个技术链条中可规模应用的原料预处理技术尚未取得突破。气体燃料尚处于探索研发阶段,能耗高、收率偏低,技术经济性欠佳。未来可在烟草炭化成型、烟草发酵制备燃料乙醇、烟草催化热解,以及靶向能源用途烟草新品种的培育等方面进行深入系统研究,以进一步推动烟草多用途的产业化发展。In order to avoid environmental pollution and resource waste produced during the production and processing of tobacco,this paper systematically reviewed the current status of fuel utilization of tobacco and its wastes and showed that:The preparation method of tobacco solid fuel was simple and convenient,but the requirements for equipment were high.Among them,tobacco briquette charcoal was more easily transported and stored,clean and environmentally friendly,furthermore,the combustion residue could also be used for secondary utilization in agriculture.The preparation method of liquid fuel preparation was relatively mature.The operation of the direct extraction technology was simple,but the bio-oil yield depended on the inherent fat content in tobacco raw materials.Therofore,it required higher requirements for tobacco varieties.The thermal chemical conversion method belonged to a chemical process with high energy consumption,but there is a large space for innovation with regard to the preparation method.The chemical composition of liquid fuels could be adjusted,having a huge development potential.The fermentation method produced a single product,mainly ethanol,with low efficiency at present.There has been no breakthrough in the pretreatment technology for scalable application of tobacco raw materials throughout the entire technical chain.The preparation method of gaseous fuel was still in the exploration stage,with high energy consumption and low yield.The tech-economic feasibility was poor.In the future,much more attention should be paid on tobacco briquette charcoal,tobacco fermentation for fuel ethanol production,tobacco catalytic pyrolysis for liquid fuel,as well as the cultivation of novel tobacco varieties targeted towards specific energy purpose.This will further promote the industrialized development of multiple purposes of tobacco.

关 键 词：烟草废弃物 能源 燃料 生物炼制 

分 类 号：TS49[农业科学—烟草工业]