论污染者负担原则与环境损害——以《世界环境公约(草案)》为契机  

On The Polluter Pays Principle and Environmental Damage:Taking Preliminary Draft of Global Pact for The Environment as An Opportunity

作　　者：大塚直 丁瑞媛(译) 李超(译) Tadashi Otsuka;DING Ruiyuan;LI Chao

机构地区：[1]早稻田大学法学学术院,日本东京163-8001 [2]南京工业大学外国语言文学学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第6期49-68,110,共21页Journal of Nanjing Tech University：Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“历史唯物主义视阈下日本市民社会派马克思主义及其当代价值研究”(18BZX033);“十四五”江苏省重点学科立项项目。

摘　　要：污染者负担应当是一种原则,而不是规则。日本环境基本法没有规定污染者负担原则,也没有关于纯粹环境利益的规定,需要对污染者负担原则与环境损害责任制度进行立法设计考量。而污染者负担原则是《世界环境公约(草案)》与欧盟《关于预防和补救环境损害的环境责任指令》的重要内容,具有独特的当代意义,这对日本碳边界调整机制与污染者负担原则规定具有一定参考价值,包括碳边界调整机制考虑二氧化碳排放量相应费用承担合理性,引入环境损害责任机制时采用行政方法,立法时明确适用范围、适用标准及损害修复责任等。The polluter pays principle should be regarded as a fundamental guideline rather than a mere rule.Japan′s environmental basic law does not explicitly incorporate the polluter pays principle or pure environmental benefits,thus it is imperative to consider integrating the polluter pays principle and an environmental damage liability system into legislative design.The polluter pays principle holds significant contemporary importance,being an integral part of both Preliminary Draft of Global Pact for The Environment and the EU′s Environmental Liability Directive with the Prevention and Remedying of Environmental Damage.It offers valuable insights for provisions such as Japan′s carbon boundary adjustment mechanism and the application of the polluter pays principle,including rationalizing costs associated with carbon dioxide emissions within the carbon boundary adjustment mechanism and adopting administrative methods when implementing the liability system for environmental damage.It is also significant that legislation should clearly define parameters such as scope of application,applicable standards and liabilities for damage repair.

关 键 词：污染者负担原则 环境损害 碳边界调整机制 《世界环境公约(草案)》 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]