云贵地区部分少数民族中学生文化适应应对与心理健康的关系  

The relationship between cultural adaptation and mental health of some ethnic minority middle school students in Yunnan and Guizhou areas

作　　者：柳曼 杨通华 刘平 张庆林[2] 张劲梅[4] LIU Man;YANG Tonghua;LIU Ping;ZHANG Qinglin;ZHANG Jinmei(Mental Health Education and Consulting Center,Guizhou Police College,Guiyang 550000,Guizhou,China;Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Minorities in Southwest China of Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,Chongqing China;Editorial Department of Journal,Guizhou Medical University,Guiyang 550001,Guizhou,China;Faculty of Management and Economics,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan 650093,Yunnan China)

机构地区：[1]贵州警察学院,贵州贵阳550000 [2]西南大学教育部人文社科重点研究基地西南民族教育与心理研究中心,重庆400715 [3]贵州医科大学学报编辑部,贵州贵阳550001 [4]昆明理工大学管理与经济学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《贵州医科大学学报》2023年第12期1513-1520,共8页Journal of Guizhou Medical University

基　　金：贵州省教育厅自然科学基金青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字〔2018〕287)。

摘　　要：目的调查云南贵州部分少数民族中学生心理健康现状,分析文化适应压力应对对心理健康的影响。方法通过方便整群抽样方法随机选取云贵地区1562名少数民族中学生,采用中学生心理健康量表评估少数民族中学生心理健康、文化适应压力量表(语言压力、歧视和偏见、文化丧失状态3个维度)评估少数民族中学生文化适应压力、文化适应压力应对方式量表(顺应、固守、放弃、回避4个维度)测量少数民族中学生文化适应压力应对方式;对性别、年级、居住类型等人口学变量及各量表、分量表进行描述,采用Pearson积差相关、多因素方差分析、回归分析等方法考察各变量之间的关系。结果少数民族中学生心理状况健康占68.8%,轻度心理问题占30.3%,中度心理问题占0.9%;少数民族中学生心理健康水平在性别上比较、差异无统计学意义(t=0.494,P>0.05),在年级间比较、差异有统计学意义(t=3.647,P<0.01),在农村、城镇和大中城市间比较差异无统计学意义(F=0.685,P>0.05);不同民族中学生的文化适应压力应对在顺应、固守、放弃、回避4种方式上比较,差异有统计学意义(F=11.102,P<0.01;F=4.956,P<0.01;F=4.243,P<0.01;F=8.084,P<0.01),中学生心理健康量表中各因子和4种应对方式均呈现显著相关,线性回归分析发现顺应、固守、放弃、回避4种压力应对方式对少数民族中学生心理健康有显著性影响,应对方式能够有效预测中学生心理健康(β=-0.130,0.063,0.188,0.292)。结论云贵地区少数民族中学生文化适应压力应对方式对其心理健康有显著影响,顺应应对方式有积极影响效应,固守、放弃、回避应对方式有消极影响效应。Objective To investigate the current situation of mental health of some ethnic minority middle school students in Yunnan and Guizhou areas,and analyze the influence of cultural adaptation stress coping on mental health.Methods A total of 1562 ethnic minority middle school students in Yunnan and Guizhou areas were randomly selected by convenient cluster sampling method,and the mental health of ethnic minority middle school students was evaluated by using the Mental Health Scale of Secondary School Students,the Acculturation Stress Scale(in 3 dimensions of language pressure,discrimination and prejudice,and cultural loss state)was used to assess the cultural adaptation pressure of ethnic minority middle school students,and the Adaptation Stress Coping Style Scale(in 4 dimensions of compliance,persistence,abandonment,and avoidance)was used to measure the adaptation stress coping style of ethnic minority middle school students.The demographic variables such as gender,grade,and residence type,as well as various scales and subscales,were described,and the relationship between each variable was investigated by Pearson product difference correlation,multivariate ANOVA and regression analysis.Results Among the subjects,the ethnic minority middle school students with healthy mental condition accounted for 68.8%;the students with mild mental problems accounted for 30.3%,and the students with moderate mental problems accounted for 0.9%.There was no significant difference in the mental health level of ethnic minority middle school students in terms of gender(t=0.494,P>0.05),but there was significant difference among the subjects of different grades(t=3.647,P<0.01).There was no significant differences among the subjects from rural,urban and large and medium-sized cities(F=0.685,P>0.05).There were significant differences in the coping of culturally adaptive stress among the subjects of different ethnic groups in four ways:adaptation,persistence,abandonment,and avoidance(F=11.102,P<0.01;F=4.956,P<0.01;F=4.243,P<0.01;F=8.084,P<0.0

关 键 词：少数民族 中学生 心理健康 文化适应压力应对 回归分析 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]