垃圾焚烧飞灰水洗过程模拟及洗失率计算  

Simulation of MSWI Fly Ash Washing Process and Calculation of Washing Loss Rate

作　　者：栗博 高蕾 茹春云 韩志明 刘玉坤 LI Bo;GAO Lei;RU Chunyun;HAN Zhiming;LIU Yukun(Beijing China Sciences Runyu Environmental Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100089)

机构地区：[1]北京中科润宇环保科技股份有限公司,北京100089

出　　处：《环境卫生工程》2023年第6期80-84,共5页Environmental Sanitation Engineering

摘　　要：生活垃圾焚烧飞灰是生活垃圾焚烧的烟气净化系统收集的颗粒物,含重金属和二英等污染物,被列入《国家危险废物名录(2021版)》。在对飞灰进行熔融或者水泥窑协同等处置前需要进行水洗预处理以除去氯和其他可溶性盐。对垃圾焚烧飞灰进行水洗小试试验,得到飞灰水洗液并检测其成分。根据检测结果计算飞灰中可溶解性盐含量和飞灰水洗后的洗失率。结果表明,飞灰中可溶性盐含量为54.6%,主要为氯盐。水洗液中氯离子含量约为40 g/L,水洗可去除飞灰中大部分氯盐,但重金属去除效果较差。在液固比为6.5∶1.0(mL/g)的条件下,飞灰水洗洗失率达到40%以上。通过水洗前后干基飞灰质量对比和利用水洗液组成两种方法计算所得洗失率结果吻合,证明了在工程实践中,利用水洗液组成估算飞灰洗失率从而为工程设计提供依据的方法可行。Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI)fly ash is a particulate matter collected by the air pollution control system,containing pollutants such as heavy metals and dioxins,which was listed in the National Hazardous Waste List(2021 edition).Water washing was required to remove chlorine and other soluble salts before the fly ash was melted or treated in a cement kiln.A small-scale test of water washing was carried out on waste incineration fly ash.The solution after washing was obtained and its composition was detected.According to the test results,the soluble salt content in fly ash and the washing loss rate of fly ash after washing were calculated.The experimental results showed that the soluble salt content in fly ash was 54.6%,and the main component was chlorine salt.The chloride ion content was the highest in the solution,which was about 40 g/L.Washing could remove most of the chlorine salts in fly ash,but the removal of heavy metals was poor.Under the condition of liquid-solid ratio of 6.5∶1.0(mL/g),the washing loss rate of fly ash water reached more than 40%.The results of the washing loss rate calculated by the mass loss of dry based fly ash before and after washing and the composition of solution after water washing were consistent,which proved that the method of estimating the wash loss rate of fly ash by the composition of water wash solution was feasible in engineering practice.

关 键 词：生活垃圾焚烧 飞灰 水洗液 无机盐 洗失率 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]