利用风洞的钢架雪车项目运动员滑行姿态减阻优化  

Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Athletes’Sliding Position of Skeleton Using Wind Tunnel Tests

作　　者：李波[1,2] 沈梦[3] 徐金成 胡齐 张渊召 洪平 LI Bo;SHEN Meng;XU Jincheng;HU Qi;ZHANG Yuanzhao;HONG Ping(School of Civil Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Winter Sports Administration Center,General Administration of Sport of China,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing’s Key Laboratory of Structural Wind Engineering and Urban Wind Environment,Beijing 100044,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]国家体育总局冬季运动管理中心,北京100044 [3]结构风工程与城市风环境北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [4]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《体育科学》2023年第8期67-71,共5页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2019YFF0301904、2020YFF0304604);高等学校学科创新引智计划(B13002)。

摘　　要：风洞测试是开展竞速类项目运动员运动姿态减阻优化的主要技术手段,研究以钢架雪车项目为例,对利用风洞进行运动姿态减阻优化的测试装置、测试方法进行介绍。根据钢架雪车项目特点,选取运动员滑行阶段的基准姿态进行减阻优化,分别对头部、肩部、手部、腿部、脚部、身体位置、身体高度等姿态进行调整,根据测量得到的风阻力进行优化组合。结果表明,成绩最好的2名男运动员基准姿态风阻力最小,甚至低于女运动员,表明滑行阶段风阻力与比赛成绩有关;利用风洞技术,8名运动员在滑行阶段受到的风阻力均得到了不同程度的降低,平均减阻率达到11.78%;2名优秀男运动员基准姿态的风阻力虽然很小,但优化姿态的减阻率仍达到了10.50%与7.70%,根据经验模型估计,可以提升成绩1.05%与0.77%。Wind tunnel test is the main method to optimize the position of athletes in the racing sports for aerodynamic drag reduction.Taking the skeleton as an example,the study introduces the test devices and procedure for aerodynamic drag reduction of athletes using wind tunnel tests.According to the characteristics of the skeleton,the zero-line position in the sliding stage is selected for drag reduction.The position of the head,shoulder,hand,leg,feet,body location and body height are changed one by one,then the best position is combined and verified based on the measured aerodynamic drag.The results showed that,the two male athletes with the best performance have the lowest aerodynamic drag in zero-line position,which is even lower than that of female athletes,it is showed that the aerodynamic drag in the sliding stage of the skeleton is closely related to the competition performance.Using the wind tunnel tests,the drag acting on 8 athletes in the sliding stage is reduced,and the average drag reduction ratio is 11.78%.Although the drag of the zero-line position of the two elite male athletes is small,the drag reduction ratio reaches to 10.50%and 7.70%,respectively.According to the empirical model,the performance can be improved by 1.00%and 0.77%,respectively.

关 键 词：钢架雪车 风洞测试 风阻力 滑行姿态 减阻 

分 类 号：G863.2[文化科学—体育训练]