COVID-19感染愈后运动员重返赛场策略述评  

Strategies for Athletes’Return to Play Following COVID-19 Infection:A Comprehensive Review

作　　者：魏强嫚 梁辰[2] 张建红[2,3] 沈钰琳 饶志坚 高峰[5] 赵杰修 WEI Qiangman;LIANG Chen;ZHANG Jianhong;SHEN Yulin;RAO Zhijian;GAO Feng;ZHAO Jiexiu(China Institute of Sport Science,Beijing 100061,China;China Institute of Sport Medicine,Beijing 100061,China;Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 201418,China;Air Force Medical University,Xian 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [2]国家体育总局运动医学研究所,北京100061 [3]北京体育大学,北京100084 [4]上海师范大学,上海201418 [5]空军军医大学,陕西西安710032

出　　处：《体育科学》2023年第8期72-78,共7页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“科技冬奥”重点专项(2019YFF0301600);北京市自然科学基金项目(5212020)。

摘　　要：新型冠状病毒肺炎(corona virus disease 2019,COVID-19)大流行对全球群众体育活动和竞技体育产生了重大影响。我们前期发现,COVID-19流行初期的居家隔离对国人造成健康风险。COVID-19对专业运动员的心血管、呼吸及神经系统等方面造成的负面影响以及长新冠带来的持续症状不容忽视。COVID-19痊愈后过早或不适宜的运动训练可能导致额外的健康问题。为保证运动员健康,并以良好的身体素质、运动机能和心理状态参与日常训练及比赛,运动员COVID-19愈后重返赛场(return to play,RTP)策略尤为重要。通过文献资料调研,研究着重从运动员痊愈后训练前精准评估、恢复训练初期的合理训练监控和医务监督、重返赛场医务评估、心理诊断与调控和个性化营养方案5个方面提出新冠感染运动员愈后重返赛场的策略。结合优秀运动员的典型案例分析,希望为后疫情时期COVID-19感染运动员愈后健康安全及以良好状态重返赛场提供指导和帮助。The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has had a significant impact on mass and competitive sports worldwide.Our previous findings revealed health risks for the general population during the home quarantine period in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.Moreover,the negative effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular,respiratory,and nervous systems of professional athletes,as well as the persistent symptoms of long COVID,can not be ignored.Premature or inappropriate exercise training after recovery from COVID-19 may lead to additional health problems.In order to ensure that athletes can participate in daily training and competitions with better physical fitness,motor function and psychological state,a return-toplay(RTP)strategy is particularly important after COVID-19.Based on domestic and foreign literature,this paper focuses on the accurate pre-training assessment after recovery,rational training monitoring and medical supervision at the beginning of training resumption,medical assessment for return-to-play,psychological diagnosis and regulation and personalized nutrition regimens.In addition,the study includes the typical case analysis of elite athletes,and provides practical and effective suggestions for promoting the rapid and safe return to play of athletes after recovering from COVID-19 in China.

关 键 词：新型冠状病毒肺炎 运动员 重返赛场 竞技体育 

分 类 号：G808.1[文化科学—体育训练]