脱合金纳米材料的制备及其在碱金属离子电池负极中的应用进展  

Progress in preparation and application for alkali metal ion battery anodes of dealloyed nanomaterials

作　　者：路笃江 万修芹 牟津津 鞠彬彬 LU Dujiang;WAN Xiuqin;MOU Jinjin;JU Binbin(Shandong Institute for Product Quality Inspection,Jinan 250102,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省产品质量检验研究院,济南250102

出　　处：《工程科学学报》2024年第2期239-254,共16页Chinese Journal of Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51871135);山东省质检院创新团队项目(2023ZJYTD001);山东省质检院科研储备项目(2023ZJKY014)。

摘　　要：碱金属离子电池包括锂离子电池、钠离子电池和钾离子电池等,是一种非常有应用前景的电化学储能装置.在“双碳”背景下,随着电动汽车的快速普及,对电池的能量密度提出了更高的要求.硅、锗、锡、锑、铋等因具有高的理论比容量有望实现在高能量密度电池中的应用.由于具有成本低、结构可控和工业应用潜力大等特点,脱合金技术常用来制备硅、锗、锑等负极材料,并实现对硅、锗、锑等脱合金材料的结构、形态和空间排列的动态控制.本文阐述了脱合金技术的常见分类和代表性研究进展,重点讨论了由脱合金技术制备多种维度的纳米材料以及它们在碱金属离子电池等储能领域的应用情况,最后对脱合金技术的发展趋势以及脱合金技术在储能领域的应用前景进行了展望.SONY achieved the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)in 1991.Compared with traditional lead-acid and nickel-cadmium secondary batteries,the novel energy storage device offers the advantages of no memory effect,longer cycle life,and higher energy density.The continuous development of electrolytes,electrode structure,and battery production has resulted in the doubling of the energy density of LIBs since 1991.Lithium resources are limited,expensive,and unevenly distributed.Researchers are committed to replacing lithium with other inexpensive alkali metals,such as sodium and potassium,to reduce cost and save lithium resources.Sodium ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium ion batteries(PIBs)have attracted increasing attention because of their relatively low cost and abundant reserves.With the rapid development of electric automobiles,battery anode materials with high energy density have been drawing increasing attention.Owing to their high energy capacity,Group IV elements(Si,Ge,and Sn)and Group V elements(Sb and Bi)are considered appealing anode materials for LIBs,SIBs,and PIBs.Various methods,such as the hydrothermal method,template method,chemical precipitation,and magnetron sputtering method,are used for preparing anode materials.The dealloying technique is considered an effective method to fabricate alkali metal ion battery anode materials because of its scalable production,controllable structure,and low cost.This is a typical process in which the active components in the precursor alloy are selectively removed,with the residual components reorganizing into a nanostructure with specific morphology and space arrangement.The size,dimension,and morphology of battery anode materials play a considerable role in boosting electrochemical performance.The dealloying technique can be used to achieve the dynamic control of structure,morphology,and spatial arrangement by regulating dealloying and subsequent treatment processes.It can be categorized as chemical,electrochemical,liquid metal,and vapor phase dealloying.Th

关 键 词：脱合金 化学脱合金 电化学脱合金 液态金属脱合金 气相脱合金 电池 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]