加载方式对垫片应力的影响及其泄漏率预测  

Effect of Tightening Methods on Gasket Stress and Its Leakage Rate Prediction

作　　者：胡康 姚炳洋 邵春雷[1] 周剑锋[1] 孔靖 张云浩 HU Kang;YAO Bingyang;SHAO Chunlei;ZHOU Jianfeng;KONG Jing;ZHANG Yunhao(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing Jiangsu 211816,China)

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学机械与动力工程学院,江苏南京211816

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2023年第12期93-100,151,共9页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB2008000);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(院级)(JXSS-008)。

摘　　要：垫片是螺栓法兰连接系统中的关键密封元件,在实验室对其进行泄漏率测量时,多采用刚性法兰通过试验机进行均匀加载,而忽略了生产实际中螺栓加载方式对泄漏率的影响。采用数值模拟方法研究实际操作常用的交叉加载、顺次加载和ASME PCC-1-2013标准中传统星形加载方式对垫片应力的影响,并将这3种加载方式与均匀加载方式进行比较。结果表明:3种加载方式都存在着螺栓预紧载荷不均匀的情况,但相比之下传统星形加载方式的预紧效果最佳,最接近均匀加载时的预紧效果;在相同载荷下,不同加载方式所得垫片上的应力不同。考虑垫片应力分布的不均匀性,对现有泄漏率预测公式进行了修正,并通过试验对修正后的公式进行验证。结果表明:修正后的公式所预测的泄漏率与试验结果更为接近。研究工作对提高螺栓法兰连接系统泄漏率预测的准确性具有重要意义。The gasket is a key sealing element in the bolted flange connection system.When measuring the leakage rate in the laboratory,rigid flanges are usually used to load uniformly through the testing machine.However,the effect of bolt tightening method in production practice on the leakage rate is ignored.The effects of the cross tightening method,sequential tightening method and legacy star pattern tightening sequence in ASME PC-1-2013 standard on the stress of gaskets were studied by the numerical simulation method.The three tightening methods were compared with the uniform tightening method.The results show that the bolt preload is not uniform for all the three tightening methods.The legacy star patterm tightening sequence has the best preload effect and is closest to the preload effect of the uniform tightening method.Under the same load,the stress on the gasket is different under different tightening methods.Considering the heterogeneity of the stress distribution of the gasket,the existing formula for predicting the leakage rate was modified,and the modified formula was verified by the test.The results show that the leakage rate predicted by the modified formula is more consistent with the experimental result than that predicted by the existing formula.The research is of great significance to improve the accuracy of leakage rate prediction of the bolted flange connection system.

关 键 词：螺栓法兰连接系统 加载方式 垫片应力 泄漏率预测 预紧效果 

分 类 号：TH136[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]