檀香与其伪品非洲檀香、澳洲檀香的鉴别  

The Study on Identification of Santali Albi Lignum and Its Counterfeits Osyris lanceolata Lignum,Santalum spicatum Lignum

作　　者：黄小龙 欧倩清 杨丽 莫伟 张丹雁[1] HUANG Xiaolong;OU Qianqing;YANG Li;MO Wei;ZHANG Danyan(School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong,China;Guangzhou Caizhilin Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510360 Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广州中医药大学中药学院,广东广州510006 [2]广州采芝林药业有限公司,广东广州510360

出　　处：《中药新药与临床药理》2023年第12期1774-1783,共10页Traditional Chinese Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacology

基　　金：广东省中药材保护品种质量体系构建项目(E2-6212-19-112-004)。

摘　　要：目的通过对檀香及其伪品非洲檀香、澳洲檀香进行鉴别研究,为檀香的真伪鉴别提供依据。方法采用性状、显微、薄层色谱方法进行鉴别,水蒸气蒸馏法测定檀香及其伪品的挥发油含量,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)分析挥发油成分,对比三者挥发油成分差异。结果性状上,檀香、非洲檀香和澳洲檀香均具檀香气,但正品檀香油性足,气香浓郁,非洲檀香气稍浓而略带樟香气,澳洲檀香气芳香清甜;檀香呈灰黄色至黄褐色,非洲檀香整体红棕色,澳洲檀香呈浅黄色至浅黄棕色,久置表面呈棕红色。显微横切面,檀香木射线宽多1~2列细胞,偶见3列细胞,非洲檀香木射线宽1~3列细胞,澳洲檀香木射线宽1~2列细胞,多单列;弦切面,檀香木射线高多5~15个细胞,非洲檀香木射线高多4~10个细胞,澳洲檀香木射线高多4~16个细胞;径切面,檀香草酸钙方晶少,非洲檀香草酸钙方晶多,澳洲檀香草酸钙方晶多且大。薄层鉴别以檀香油作对照品可准确区别檀香正伪品。非洲檀香和澳洲檀香挥发油含量均低于檀香。檀香主要成分为α-檀香醇和β-檀香醇,而非洲檀香中二者含量较低,澳洲檀香中α-檀香醇含量极低,且不含β-檀香醇。结论檀香及其伪品非洲檀香、澳洲檀香的性状、微性状及粉末显微特征差异较小,而三相切面显微、薄层、挥发油含量及成分特征差异明显,可区别檀香的正伪品。Objective The identification of Santali Albi Lignum and its common counterfeits Osyris lanceolata Lignum,Santalum spicatum Lignum was studied to provide experimental basis for the authenticity of this medicinal herb.Methods The identification was carried out using morphological,microscopic,and thin-layer identification methods.The volatile oil of Santali Albi Lignum and its counterfeits were extracted by steam distillation and the volatile oil components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The differences of volatile oil components among the three were compared.Results Santali Albi Lignum and its common counterfeits all possessed a sandalwood aroma,but Santali Albi Lignum has abundant oiliness and strong aroma.Osyris lanceolata Lignum aroma exhibits slightly strong odor and slightly camphor flavor,and the smell of Santalum spicatum Lignum is sweet and fragrant.Santali Albi Lignum is greyish-yellow to yellowish-brown in color,while Osyris lanceolata Lignum is generally reddish brown in color,Santalum spicatum Lignum is light yellow to light yellowish-brown,but its surface shows reddish-brown when exposed to air for a long time.In the transection section,the ray width of Santali Albi Lignum is more than 1-2 rows of cells,with occasional 3 rows of cells.The ray width of Osyris lanceolata Lignum is 1-3 rows of cells,while the ray width of Santalum spicatum Lignum is 1-2 rows of cells,mostly uniseriate.In the tangential section,the wood ray of Santali Albi Lignum has a height of 5-15 cells,the wood ray of Osyris lanceolata Lignum has a height of 4-10 cells,while the wood ray of Santalum spicatum Lignum has a height of 4-16 cells.In the radial section,fewer calcium oxalate crystal was found in Santali Albi Lignum,more calcium oxalate crystal was appeared in Osyris lanceolata Lignum,more and larger calcium oxalate crystal was identified in Santalum spicatum Lignum.Genuine and fake sandalwood can be distinguished using sandalwood oil as the thin-layer chromatographic reference.And the volatile oi

关 键 词：檀香 非洲檀香 澳洲檀香 鉴别 薄层色谱法 气相色谱-质谱联用法 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]