四川省近10年育成小麦品种系谱及性状分析  

Genealogy and Character Analysis of Wheat Varieties Bred in Sichuan Province in Last Decade

作　　者：蒋进 张连全[2] 费德友 李小雨 JIANG Jin;ZHANG Lianquan;FEI Deyou;LI Xiaoyu(Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,Sichuan,China;Triticeae Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]南充市农业科学院,四川南充637000 [2]四川农业大学小麦研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2023年第6期1048-1055,1064,共9页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省麦类育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0002);南充市重大科技专项(22ZDKJZX0002)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确四川近年育成小麦品种的系谱来源、育种方式和性状演变特点,为给今后小麦品种改良提供参考信息。【方法】统计分析了2013—2022年四川省育成的112个小麦新品种的系谱来源,农艺性状和品质性状的演变规律。【结果】四川近年年均审定小麦新品种数量相对稳定,10个左右。科研院所仍然是四川小麦育种的主要力量。品种选育方式以有性杂交育种为主,占比98.2%。直接育成品种数≥3的亲本共有20个。其中,川麦42/99-1572、川重组104/川麦104作为直接亲本分别育成了16个、11个新品种,遗传贡献率分别为7.25、5.50,为四川近年小麦育种的骨干亲本。表型性状演变分析表明,育成品种年际间增产41.663 kg/hm^(2),有效穗提高2.944×10^(4)穗/hm^(2),千粒重提高0.274 g,穗粒数降低0.128粒,株高年均增加0.574 cm,生育期年均缩短0.701 d。抗病性分析发现,四川小麦抗条锈病育种取得显著成效,全部品种均为中抗以上水平,部分品种兼抗白粉病或(和)赤霉病,但培育的抗白粉病、抗赤霉病新品种在每年审定品种中的比例在下降。统计的4项品质性状年均值变化不明显。按照品种审定标准,综合达到优质强筋、中筋和弱筋小麦的分别有2个(1.8%)、29个(25.9%)和12个(10.7%)品种。【结论】四川近年在优质高产早熟抗条锈病小麦新品种培育上取得了显著进展,成效突出;下一步应注意加强抗白粉病和赤霉病聚合育种,培育多抗矮秆新品种。【Objective】This paper aims to clarify the pedigree source,breeding methods,and trait evolution characteristics of wheat varieties breed in Sichuan in recent years,in order to provide reference information for future wheat breeding improvement.【Method】Statistical analysis was conducted on the pedigree sources,agronomic and quality parameters of 112 new wheat varieties bred in Sichuan Province from 2013 to 2022.【Result】In recent 10 years,the average number of approved wheat varieties in Sichuan had been relatively stable,at about 10.Scientific research institutes were still the main force of wheat breeding in Sichuan.Sexual hybridization was still the main breeding method,accounting for 98.2%.There were 20 parents with more than 3 varieties.Among them,16 and 11 new varieties were bred from Chuanmai 42/99-1572 and Chuanchongzu 10^(4)/Chuanmai 10^(4),respectively,with genetic contribution rate of 7.25 and 5.50,and they were the backbone parents of wheat breeding in Sichuan in recent years.The analysis of evolution of phenotypic traits showed that the yield of the new cultivars increased by 41.663 kg/hm^(2),the effective panicle increased by 2.944×10^(4)spike/hm^(2),the 1000-grain weight increased by 0.274 g,and the grain number per panicle decreased by 0.128.The plant height increased 0.574 cm and the growth period shortened 0.701 d.The results of disease resistance analysis showed that the wheat breeding for resistance to stripe rust in Sichuan had achieved remarkable results,with all varieties at or above moderate resistant to the disease,and some of them were resistant to powdery mildew or(and)Scab.However,the proportion of cultivars with resistance to powdery mildew and scab was decreasing in the annual approval varieties.The annual mean values of 4 quality traits did not change significantly.According to the approval standard of variety,there were 2(1.8%),29(25.9%)and 12(10.7%)varieties with high quality and strong gluten,medium gluten and weak gluten respectively.【Conclusion】In recent years,Sic

关 键 词：小麦(Triticum aestivum L.) 四川省 品种系谱 性状演变 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S331